ArticleLipids in health and disease2018
Omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid intake of children and older adults in the U.S.: dietary intake in comparison to current dietary recommendations and the Healthy Eating Index.
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Blueberry Consumption on Cognition and Body Composition in Elderly Who Are Experiencing Mild Cognitive Decline
Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio and Higher Order Cognitive Function in 7-to 9-year-olds
Fatty Acids and Executive Functions: Cortical Activation and Behavioral Performance.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between Unsaturated Fatty Acid-Type Diet and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- ω-3 Fatty Acids in Pediatric Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- High-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) improves attention and vigilance in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and low endogenous EPA levels.Translational psychiatry · 2019Trial
- Global Asthma Disparities: Deciphering the Multifaceted Environmental Exposome Between Eastern and Western Populations.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulation of smoking-related epigenetics and pulmonary outcomes.Genes & nutrition · 2026Article
- Dual Challenges in the Context of Healthy Aging: A Comprehensive Exploration of the Association between Malnutrition and Cognitive Decline in Disabled Elderly.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Key Nutrient Intakes at Risk Among US Children in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 Stratified by Age and Gender.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes Within Animal-Sourced and Plant-Based Dietary Patterns with the XGBoost Machine Learning Classifier: NHANES 2013-2016.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Genetic Proxies of Plasma Fatty Acids and Pre-Eclampsia Risk.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Capillary Blood Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels Predict Electrocardiographic Markers in a Sample Population of Premenopausal Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of fish oil supplementation on plasma levels of highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid classes and molecular species in American football athletes.Nutrition & metabolism · 2024Article
- The association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and periodontitis: NHANES 2011-2014 and Mendelian randomisation analysis.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Nutrient analysis of three low-carbohydrate diets differing in carbohydrate content.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Sustainable utilization of unsaleable walnut kernel in substitution for corn grain in the diet of fattening lambs improves growth performance and meat quality.Tropical animal health and production · 2023Article
- Potential of combining natural-derived antioxidants for improving broiler meat shelf-life - A review.Animal bioscience · 2023Article
- Effects of a novel medium-long-medium-type structured lipid synthesized using a two-step enzymatic method on lipid metabolism and obesity protection in experimental mice.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with severity of inattention in a pediatric population with ADHD symptoms: the MADDY Study.Nutritional neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Modification of the Nutritional Quality and Oxidative Stability of Lupin (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOmega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) and their ratio have been shown to affect cognitive function in children and older adults. With these analyses, we aimed to describe omega-6 and omega-3 FA intake among children and older adults in light of FA intake recommendations and with consideration of overall diet.
methodsData were merged from two cross-sectional studies with 219 children 7 to 12 years old and one longitudinal study with 133 adults 65 to 79 years old. Demographic data, anthropometric data, and Healthy Eating Index scores were used to study relations among the omega-6 to omega-3 FA ratio and age, education, body mass index, and diet quality. FA intake, demographic, and anthropometric data were examined using partial correlations, t-tests, and analysis of variance.
resultsMost children and adults consumed at least the recommended amount of alpha-linolenic acid (LNA; omega-3) for their age and gender without consuming high amounts of linoleic acid (LA; omega-6), but did not consume sufficient eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; omega-) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; omega-3). The average omega-6 to omega-3 ratios in both groups were lower than previously reported. Eating lower ratios was associated with healthier diets and consuming adequate amounts of several other nutrients. No demographic or anthropometric variables were related to FA intake in children. Adults with a college degree had significantly lower ratios than those without a college degree.
conclusionsAmerican children and older adults are able to consume more balanced omega-6 to omega-3 ratios than has been indicated by commodity data. However, very few American children met even the lowest recommendations for EPA and DHA intake. Research is needed to clarify recommendations for the optimal ratio across development, which may aid in increasing EPA and DHA intake and improving health outcomes in the United States.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02199808 13 July 2014, NCT01823419 (retrospectively registered) 20 March 2013, and NCT01515098 18 January 2012.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.