ReviewBMC neurology2018
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: a review.
Review in BMC neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate vs Interferon β-1a in Patients With Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: The CONNECT Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Effect of fingolimod on MRI outcomes in patients with paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: results from the phase 3 PARADIGJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Reduced Childhood Outdoor Exposure Raises Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (PedMS) Risk.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Managing Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Across the Lifespan: A Narrative Review with Expert Opinion from Norway.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Obesity and Risk of Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis (POMS): a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Maedica · 2026Review
- Evaluating Efficacy Outcomes in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Patients While Using Avonex or Plegridy via USNPMSC Registry.Journal of child neurology · 2026Article
- 후뇌염의 영상 소견 스펙트럼: 임상 화보.Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology · 2026Review
- Bladder and Bowel Management in Adolescents and Young Adults with Multiple Sclerosis Since Childhood: Is Bowel Management Overlooked? A Case Series.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Cladribine treatment in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: real-world clinical outcomes and safety insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The mGluR5 agonist CHPG enhances human oligodendrocyte differentiation.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Early and active treatment with fingolimod for pediatric onset multiple sclerosis: the experience of an Italian pediatric center over the past 3 years.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Pediatric multiple sclerosis: Improving outcome through high-efficacy therapies.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Age-Onset-Related Particularities of Pediatric MS-Understanding the Spectrum: A Tertiary Center Experience.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Advancing Treatment in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: The Promise of B-Cell-Targeting Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Multiple Sclerosis: A Story of the Interaction Between Gut Microbiome and Components of the Immune System.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Integrated transcriptomics of multiple sclerosis peripheral blood mononuclear cells explored potential biomarkers for the disease.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Transitioning from pediatric to adult multiple sclerosis care: Challenges, strategies and therapy.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2025Review
- Pediatric, adult, and late onset multiple sclerosis: Cognitive phenotypes and gray matter atrophy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Respiratory functions, respiratory muscle strength and fatigue in patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a comparative cross-sectional study.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Observational
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) prevalence and incidence rates are increasing globally. No disease-modifying therapy are approved for MS pediatric population. Hence, we aim to review the literature on POMS to guide treating physicians on the current understanding of diagnosis and management of pediatric MS.
methodsThe authors performed a literature search and reviewed the current understanding on risk factors and disease parameters in order to discuss the challenges in assessing and implementing diagnosis and therapy in clinical practice.
resultsThe revised International Pediatric MS group diagnostic criteria improved the accuracy of diagnosis. Identification of red flags and mimickers (e.g. acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and neuromyelitis optica) are vital before establishing a definitive diagnosis. Possible etiology and mechanisms including both environmental and genetic risk factors are highlighted. Pediatric MS patients tend to have active inflammatory disease course with a tendency to have brainstem / cerebellar presentations at onset. Due to efficient repair mechanisms at early life, pediatric MS patients tend to have longer time to reach EDSS 6 but reach it at earlier age. Although no therapeutic randomized clinical trials were conducted in pediatric cohorts, open-label multi-center studies reported efficacy and safety results with beta interferons, glatiramer acetate and natalizumab in similar adult cohorts. Several randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of oral disease-modifying therapies are ongoing in pediatric MS patients.
conclusionPediatric MS has been increasingly recognized to have a more inflammatory course with frequent infratentorial presentations at onset, which would have important implications in the future management of pediatric cohorts while awaiting the results of ongoing clinical trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.