ArticleClinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology2018
Complex association patterns for inflammatory mediators in induced sputum from subjects with asthma.
Article in Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interleukin-23 in lung and airway diseases: from pathogenesis to precision-guided therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Sputum Eosinophil and Macrophage Changes After Aspirin Challenge in Patients With Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease.Clinical and translational allergy · 2025Article
- Induced sputum: current progress and prospect.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Naturally derived bioactive compounds as regulators of oxidative stress and inflammation in asthma.Chinese medicine · 2025Review
- Type 1 Immune Responses Related to Viral Infection Influence Corticosteroid Response in Asthma.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- The Effect of Mepolizumab on Blood Eosinophil Subtype Distribution and Granule Protein Gene Expression in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- PGAP3 regulates human bronchial epithelial cell mRNAs present in asthma and respiratory virus reference data sets.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Protein-Protein interactive networks identified in bronchoalveolar lavage of severe compared to nonsevere asthma.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2024Article
- Decreased TLR7 expression was associated with airway eosinophilic inflammation and lung function in asthma: evidence from machine learning approaches and experimental validation.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Serum proteomics identifies novel diagnostic biomarkers for asthma in preschool children.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Bronchial epithelial cell transcriptional responses to inhaled corticosteroids dictate severe asthmatic outcomes.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Inhibition of lincRNA-Cox2 alleviates apoptosis and inflammatory injury of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells via the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2023Article
- Systems Biology in Asthma.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- How does cigarette smoking affect airway remodeling in asthmatics?Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Review
- Determining asthma endotypes and outcomes: Complementing existing clinical practice with modern machine learning.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Review
- MiR-493-5p inhibits Th9 cell differentiation in allergic asthma by targeting FOXO1.Respiratory research · 2022Article
- Review
- CCL4 Functions as a Biomarker of Type 2 Airway Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Current Insights on the Impact of Proteomics in Respiratory Allergies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Clinical and cytokine patterns of uncontrolled asthma with and without comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis: a cross-sectional study.Respiratory research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe release of various inflammatory mediators into the bronchial lumen is thought to reflect both the type and degree of airway inflammation, eosinophilic Th2, and Th9, or neutrophilic Th1, and Th17, in patients with asthma.
aimsWe investigated whether cytokines and chemokines differed in sputum from subjects with more severe compared with milder asthma and whether unbiased factor analysis of cytokine and chemokine groupings indicates specific inflammatory pathways.
methodsCell-free supernatants from induced sputum were obtained from subjects with a broad range of asthma severity (n = 158) and assessed using Milliplex
resultsSevere asthma subjects had 9 increased and 4 decreased proteins compared to mild asthma subjects and fewer differences compared to moderate asthma. Twenty-six mediators were significantly associated with an increasing single leucocyte type: 16 with neutrophils (3 interleukins [IL], 3 CC chemokines, 4 CXC chemokines, 4 growth factors, TNF-α and CX3CL1/Fractalkine); 5 with lymphocytes (IL-7, IL-16, IL-23, IFN-α2 and CCL4/MIP1β); IL-15 and CCL15/MIP1δ with macrophages; IL-5 with eosinophils; and IL-4 and TNFSF10/TRAIL with airway epithelial cells. Factor analysis grouped 43 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors which had no missing data onto the first 10 factors, containing mixes of Th1, Th2, Th9 and Th17 inflammatory and anti-inflammatory proteins.
conclusionsSputum cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were increased in severe asthma, primarily with increased neutrophils. Factor analysis identified complex inflammatory protein interactions, suggesting airway inflammation in asthma is characterized by overlapping immune pathways. Thus, focus on a single specific inflammatory mediator or pathway may limit understanding the complexity of inflammation underlying airway changes in asthma and selection of appropriate therapy.
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