ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2018
The sag response in human muscle contraction.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The boost of force in unfused tetanic contractions at variable interpulse intervals in fast motor units of the rat medial gastrocnemius.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A dynamic calcium-force relationship model for sag behavior in fast skeletal muscle.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Contractile history affects sag and boost properties of unfused tetanic contractions in human quadriceps muscles.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- Biomechanical conditioning of the motor unit transitory force decrease following a reduction in stimulation rate.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe examined how muscle length and time between stimuli (inter-pulse interval, IPI) influence declines in force (sag) seen during unfused tetani in the human adductor pollicis muscle.
methodsA series of 16-pulse contractions were evoked with IPIs between 1 × and 5 × the twitch time to peak tension (TPT) at large (long muscle length) and small (short muscle length) thumb adduction angles. Unfused tetani were mathematically deconstructed into a series of overlapping twitch contractions to examine why sag exhibits length- and IPI-dependencies.
resultsAcross all IPIs tested, sag was 62% greater at short than long muscle length, and sag increased as IPI was increased at both muscle lengths. Force attributable to the second stimulus increased as IPI was decreased. Twitch force declined from maximal values across all IPI tested, with the greatest reductions seen at short muscle length and long IPI. At IPI below 2 × TPT, the twitch with highest force occurred earlier than the peak force of the corresponding unfused tetani. Contraction-induced declines in twitch duration (TPT + half relaxation time) were only observed at IPI longer than 1.75 × TPT, and were unaffected by muscle length.
conclusionsSag is an intrinsic feature of healthy human adductor pollicis muscle. The length-dependence of sag is related to greater diminution of twitch force at short relative to long muscle length. The dependence of sag on IPI is related to IPI-dependent changes in twitch duration and twitch force, and the timing of peak twitch force relative to the peak force of the associated unfused tetanus.
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