SynthesisTobacco control2019
Tobacco outlet density and adolescents' cigarette smoking: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Tobacco control, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2025Pooled it
- Tobacco retailer density and smoking behaviour: how are exposure and outcome measures classified? A systematic review.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Association Between Tobacco Outlet Density and Smoking Among Young People: A Systematic Methodological Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Pooled it
- Association between density and proximity of tobacco retail outlets with smoking: A systematic review of youth studies.Health & place · 2021Pooled it
- Child Salivary Cotinine Levels Related to Neighborhood Deprivation and Tobacco and Alcohol Retail Outlets.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Simulating the Impact of Zoning Policies on Equitably Reducing Neighborhood Tobacco Retailer Availability.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Association between perceived changes in electronic cigarette retailer density and regulation support among adolescents in China.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Modelling how age-restricted location policies would impact tobacco retailer density in four US states: California, Connecticut, North Carolina and Ohio.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Exploring small retailers' perspectives on selling tobacco after the tripling of Tasmania's tobacco licence fee.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Associations of cigarette card games engagement with smoking susceptibility and smoking behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents: Findings from the Zhejiang Childhood Behavior and Health Cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Density of tobacco retail outlets around school in Lao People's Democratic Republic 2024: a geospatial analysis.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Neighborhood economic and demographic landscape as predictors of 90-day outcomes post-stroke hospitalization.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Article
- Supply and demand effects between tobacco retailer density and smoking prevalence.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Global policy scan of commercial combustible tobacco product retailing regulations by WHO region.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Does living near a tobacco retailer impact the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments?: Analysis from a randomized trial.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Community Awareness-Raising to Support Tobacco Policy: Results from an App-Based Photo-Mapping Activity with College Students.Journal of community health · 2025Article
- Estimating tobacco product availability prevalence in medical cannabis dispensaries in Oklahoma, USA, 2024.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Patterns of tobacco retailer counts by zoning designations and sociodemographic characteristics in Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma.Health & place · 2025Article
- Tobacco retailer density and rurality across four US states: California, Connecticut, North Carolina, and Ohio.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- Compliance to tobacco and alcohol zoning regulations around schools in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka using environmental mapping data.BMC medicine · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe conducted meta-analyses of studies that investigated the associations between tobacco outlet density around homes and schools and adolescents' past-month cigarette smoking. DATA SOURCES: Systematic literature searches of eight databases were carried out in February 2017. Searches were not limited by date, language, country or peer-reviewed status. STUDY SELECTION: After screening for quality, studies that examined the relationship between tobacco outlet density and adolescents' past-month smoking were selected for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION: Two investigators screened study abstracts and full texts and independently extracted data. Consensus was reached at each stage. DATA SYNTHESIS: Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 11 studies that provided 13 effect sizes. Results showed that there was a significant association between tobacco outlet density around homes and adolescents' past-month smoking behaviour, with an overall effect size of OR=1.08 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.13; P<0.001; I
conclusionsThese findings suggest that exposure to tobacco outlets near home environments may be important for understanding adolescents' past-month smoking. Restricting access to tobacco outlets and controlling the number of outlets in residential areas may be an effective preventive strategy to help reduce adolescents' smoking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.