ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2018
Overall and Central Obesity and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Pooled Analysis.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adiposity and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Body mass index (BMI) and risk of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using directly measured and genetically proxied measures of BMI.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- Body mass index and lung cancer risk: Pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies in Japan.Cancer science · 2024Pooled it
- Racial difference in BMI and lung cancer diagnosis: analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial.BMC cancer · 2022Trial
- Associations of genetic risk, BMI trajectories, and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer: a population-based cohort study.BMC medicine · 2022Trial
- Obesity Promotes Lung Carcinogenesis Through Airway Immune Dysfunction.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2026Article
- Bioelectrical impedance-derived body composition and systemic therapy outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Phenolic Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposure and Systemic Biomarker Variability in Patients with Lung Cancer.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Adiposity and cancer: epidemiology, mechanisms and future perspectives.Nature metabolism · 2026Review
- Effect Modification by Cofactors in the Impact of Body Mass Index Change on the Risk of Lung Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Genetic evidence supporting obesity as a risk factor for lung squamous cell carcinoma and the identification of MFAP1 as a shared genetic target.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Machine learning-predicted insulin resistance is a risk factor for 12 types of cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pre-diagnostic body mass index trajectories and associations with lung cancer risk.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Impact of interaction between interleukin-27 gene polymorphisms and smoking with susceptibility to non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese Han population.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Beyond nodules: body composition as a biomarker for future lung cancer.European radiology · 2025Article
- Association between body-mass index change and lung cancer risk in Korea: nested case-control study.BMC cancer · 2025Observational
- Comparing Traditional and Newer Definitions of Obesity in Relation to Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity-Related Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study in ARIC.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Assessment of Adipokine and Inflammation Biomarkers with Cancer Risk among Chinese Men: A Prospective Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Metabolome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Identifies Maleate as a Mediator of the Effect of Obesity on the Risk of Small Cell Lung Cancer.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 14 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The obesity-lung cancer association remains controversial. Concerns over confounding by smoking and reverse causation persist. The influence of obesity type and effect modifications by race/ethnicity and tumor histology are largely unexplored. Methods: We examined associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) with lung cancer risk among 1.6 million Americans, Europeans, and Asians. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustment for potential confounders. Analyses for WC/WHR were further adjusted for BMI. The joint effect of BMI and WC/WHR was also evaluated. Results: During an average 12-year follow-up, 23 732 incident lung cancer cases were identified. While BMI was generally associated with a decreased risk, WC and WHR were associated with increased risk after controlling for BMI. These associations were seen 10 years before diagnosis in smokers and never smokers, were strongest among blacks, and varied by histological type. After excluding the first five years of follow-up, hazard ratios per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI were 0.95 (95% CI = 0.90 to 1.00), 0.92 (95% CI = 0.89 to 0.95), and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.86 to 0.91) in never, former, and current smokers, and 0.86 (95% CI = 0.84 to 0.89), 0.94 (95% CI = 0.90 to 0.99), and 1.09 (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.15) for adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, and small cell carcinoma, respectively. Hazard ratios per 10 cm increase in WC were 1.09 (95% CI = 1.00 to 1.18), 1.12 (95% CI = 1.07 to 1.17), and 1.11 (95% CI = 1.07 to 1.16) in never, former, and current smokers, and 1.06 (95% CI = 1.01 to 1.12), 1.20 (95% CI = 1.12 to 1.29), and 1.13 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.23) for adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, and small cell carcinoma, respectively. Participants with BMIs of less than 25 kg/m2 but high WC had a 40% higher risk (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.26 to 1.56) than those with BMIs of 25 kg/m2 or greater but normal/moderate WC. Conclusions: The inverse BMI-lung cancer association is not entirely due to smoking and reverse causation. Central obesity, particularly concurrent with low BMI, may help identify high-risk populations for lung cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.