Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29518100›Full record

ArticlePloS one2018

Associations between sun sensitive pigmentary genes and serum prostate specific antigen levels.

Visalini Nair-Shalliker, Sam Egger, Agata Chrzanowska, Rebecca Mason, Louise Waite, David Le Couteur, Markus J Seibel, David J Handelsman, Robert Cumming, David P Smith and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Visalini Nair-ShallikerCancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6277-5125
Sam EggerCancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Agata ChrzanowskaSydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Rebecca MasonSydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Louise WaiteCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
David Le CouteurCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Markus J SeibelCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
David J HandelsmanCentre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Robert CummingSydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
David P SmithCancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Bruce K ArmstrongSydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
The University of Sydney · AUCancer Council NSW · AUGriffith University · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMelanoma and prostate cancer may share risk factors. This study examined the association between serum PSA levels, which is a risk factor for prostate cancer, and variants in some melanoma-associated pigmentary genes.

methodsWe studied participants, all aged 70+ years, in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project who had no history of prostatitis or received treatment for prostate disease (n = 1033). We genotyped variants in MC1R (rs1805007, rs1805008), ASIP (rs4911414, rs1015362), SLC45A2 (rs28777, rs16891982), IRF4 (rs12203592), TYRP1 (rs1408799), TYR (rs1126809, rs1042602), SLC24A2 (rs12896399), and OCA2 (rs7495174). Generalised linear dominant models with Poisson distribution, log link functions and robust variance estimators estimated adjusted percentage differences (%PSA) in mean serum PSA levels (ng/mL) between variant and wildtype (0%PSA = reference) genotypes, adjusting for age, body mass index, serum 25OHD levels and birth regions (Australia or New Zealand (ANZ), Europe or elsewhere).

resultsSerum PSA levels were strongly associated with advancing age and birth regions: mean PSA levels were lower in Europe-born (-29.7%) and elsewhere-born (-11.7%) men than ANZ-born men (reference). Lower %PSA was observed in men with variants in SLC45A2: rs28777 (-19.6;95%CI: -33.5, -2.7), rs16891982 (-17.3;95%CI:-30.4,-1.7) than in wildtype men (reference). There were significant interactions between birth regions and PSA levels in men with variants in MC1R (rs1805007; p-interaction = 0.0001) and ASIP (rs4911414; p-interaction = 0.007). For these genes %PSA was greater in ANZ-born men and lower in Europe- and elsewhere-born men with the variant than it was in wildtype men. In a post hoc analysis, serum testosterone levels were increased in men with MC1R rs1805007 and serum dihydrotestosterone in men with ASIP rs1015362.

conclusionMen with SNPs in SLC45A2, who have less sun sensitive skin, have lower PSA levels. Men with SNPs in MC1R and ASIP, who have more sun sensitive skin, and were born in ANZ, have higher PSA levels. Androgens may modify these apparent associations of pigmentary genes and sun exposure with PSA levels. IMPACT: PSA levels and possibly prostate cancer risk may vary with sun sensitivity and sun exposure, the effects of which might be modified by androgen levels.

Indexed as

AndrogensAgedAged, 80 and overAustraliaDihydrotestosteroneEuropeGenes, NeoplasmGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansMaleMelanomaModels, GeneticNeoplasms, Hormone-DependentNeoplasms, Radiation-InducedNew ZealandProstate-Specific AntigenAndrogensDihydrotestosteroneProstate-Specific AntigenTestosterone

Identifiers

PMID29518100
PMCPMC5843239
OpenAlexW2789486813

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.