ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2019
Forensic reconstruction of two military combat related shooting incidents using an anatomically correct synthetic skull with a surrogate skin/soft tissue layer.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autopsy findings in victims of gunshot injuries: wound ballistic considerations based on test shots to simulants and composite models.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Review
- From digital to physical model: the use of 3D-printed models in wound ballistic reconstruction.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- The use of human tissue surrogates in anatomical modeling for gunshot wounds simulations: an overview about "how to do" experimental terminal ballistics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Interpol review of forensic firearm examination 2019-2022.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2023Review
- Ballistic trauma caused by military rifles: experimental study based on synthetic skull proxies.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2022Article
- Practical application of synthetic head models in real ballistic cases.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- Shooting through windscreens: ballistic injury assessment using a surrogate head model-two case reports.International journal of legal medicine · 2020Article
- Evaluation of the backspatter generation and wound profiles of an anatomically correct skull model for molecular ballistics.International journal of legal medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Six synthetic head models wearing ballistic protective helmets were used to recreate two military combat-related shooting incidents (three per incident, designated 'Incident 1' and 'Incident 2'). Data on the events including engagement distances, weapon and ammunition types was collated by the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory. The models were shot with 7.62 × 39 mm ammunition downloaded to mean impact velocities of 581 m/s (SD 3.5 m/s) and 418 m/s (SD 8 m/s), respectively, to simulate the engagement distances. The damage to the models was assessed using CT imaging and dissection by a forensic pathologist experienced in reviewing military gunshot wounds. The helmets were examined by an MoD engineer experienced in ballistic incident analysis. Damage to the helmets was consistent with that seen in real incidents. Fracture patterns and CT imaging on two of the models for Incident 1 (a frontal impact) were congruent with the actual incident being modelled. The results for Incident 2 (a temporoparietal impact) produced realistic simulations of tangential gunshot injury but were less representative of the scenario being modelled. Other aspects of the wounds produced also exhibited differences. Further work is ongoing to develop the models for greater ballistic injury fidelity.
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Registered trials
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