ArticleOncotarget2018
A phase-1/2 study of adenovirus-p53 transduced dendritic cell vaccine in combination with indoximod in metastatic solid tumors and invasive breast cancer.
Article in Oncotarget, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the efficacy of cancer vaccines in advanced breast cancer.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Pooled it
- Targeting p53 in Cancer: Functional States, Therapeutic Strategies, and Clinical Progress.Cancers · 2026Review
- The guardian of the genome meets immunotherapy: p53-based strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in tumor-activated prodrug nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dendritic Cell Therapy in Immuno-Oncology: A Potentially Key Component of Anti-Cancer Immunotherapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Role of Tryptophan Metabolism in Cancer.Cancer innovation · 2025Review
- The search for a TNBC vaccine: the guardian vaccine.Cancer biology & therapy · 2025Review
- Dendritic cells: understanding ontogeny, subsets, functions, and their clinical applications.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Amino acid metabolism in breast cancer: pathogenic drivers and therapeutic opportunities.Protein & cell · 2025Review
- IDO and TDO inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, clinical development, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Metabolic regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor immune microenvironment: targets and therapeutic strategies.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Side-stepping the guardian of the genome: current cancer therapeutics targeting mutant p53.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Breast cancer metastasis progression is associated with elevated activity of kynurenine monooxygenase and kynureninase.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Pathomic model based on histopathological features and machine learning to predict IDO1 status and its association with breast cancer prognosis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Harnessing adenovirus in cancer immunotherapy: evoking cellular immunity and targeting delivery in cell-specific manner.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Revolutionizing adjuvant development: harnessing AI for next-generation cancer vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Update on current and new potential immunotherapies in breast cancer, from bench to bedside.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- CD4 T cells and toxicity from immune checkpoint blockade.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- Combined Inhibition of Indolamine-2,3-Dioxygenase 1 and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 2 Exerts Antitumor Effects in a Preclinical Model of Cervical Cancer.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in breast cancer: updates on clinical research and trials.British journal of cancer · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase is an enzyme that causes immunosuppression in tumors. Indoximod inhibits the indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase pathway and enhances immunologic responses to dendritic cell (DC) vaccines preclinically. Adenovirus p53 (Ad.p53) is used to generate DC vaccines against p53. A phase-1/2 trial of indoximod with Ad.p53-DC vaccine was conducted. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe phase-1 study combined 7 indoximod dose levels with < 6 Ad.p53-DC vaccinations every 2 weeks. Primary endpoints were maximum-tolerated dose in phase 1 and objective response in phase 2. Flow cytometry measured immune responses.
resultsThirty-nine patients were treated. In combination with Ad.p53-DC vaccine, the maximum-tolerated dose of indoximod was 1600 mg twice daily. Attributable toxicities were grade 1-2. Best response was stable disease in 4 patients. Immunologic responses were detected in 7 out of 23 evaluable patients. Median progression-free survival was 13.3 weeks (95% confidence interval, 12.97-21.85) and median overall survival was 20.71 weeks (95% confidence interval, 25.75-46.15). Nine out of 22 patients (40%) benefitted from chemotherapy after vaccination. Median overall survival in chemotherapy responders was 69.4 weeks (30.1-122.1).
conclusionsIndoximod 1600 mg twice daily with Ad.p53-DC was well tolerated. There may have been a chemosensitization effect. Future trials should explore combining this treatment with chemotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.