ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2018
The associations of serum n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with serum C-reactive protein in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers of PUFA and cardiovascular risk factors and events in healthy Asian populations: a systematic review.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Blood Fatty Acid Status and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- Circulating fatty acid profiles are associated with protein energy wasting in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- n-3 PUFAs improve erythrocyte fatty acid profile in patients with small AAA: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of lipid research · 2019Trial
- Article
- Foods Fortified with Soybean or Palm Oil Show No Effect on Inflammation or Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: a Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Elevated Plasma Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Associations with Disease Activity, Adiposity, and Sex in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Chronic inflammation as a driving factor for sarcopenia: an update on pathophysiology and future therapeutic targets.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Red Blood Cell Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Framingham Offspring Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids and diabetic microvascular complications: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Osteoarthritis: Insights from a Mendelian Randomization Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Dietary Fatty Acids and Inflammation: Focus on the n-6 Series.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The FADS1 genotypes modify the effect of linoleic acid-enriched diet on adipose tissue inflammation via pro-inflammatory eicosanoid metabolism.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Impact of Fatty Acids on Obesity-Associated Diseases and Radical Weight Reduction.Obesity surgery · 2022Article
- Fatty Acids Composition of Blood Cell Membranes and Peripheral Inflammation in the PREDIMED Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Plant-Based Fat, Dietary Patterns Rich in Vegetable Fat and Gut Microbiota Modulation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2019Review
- ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiometabolic Health: Current Evidence, Controversies, and Research Gaps.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThere are concerns that high intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may promote inflammation, because the end-product of n-6 PUFA metabolism, arachidonic acid, is a precursor for pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. Our aim was to investigate cross-sectional associations of the serum n-6 PUFAs, objective biomarkers for exposure, with serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), a key inflammation marker. SUBJECTS/
methodsThe study included 1287 generally healthy men aged 42-60 years from the population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, examined in 1984-1989. ANCOVA and logistic regression were used for analyses.
resultsIn the multivariable-adjusted analyses, both serum total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid, the predominant n-6 PUFA, were associated with lower CRP. The mean CRP concentrations in quartiles of linoleic acid were 1.86, 1.51, 1.53, and 1.37 mg/L (P-trend = 0.001). The odds ratio for elevated CRP (>3 mg/L) in the highest vs. the lowest quartile was 0.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.87, P-trend = 0.01). Arachidonic acid or the mainly endogenously produced n-6 PUFAs, gamma-linolenic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, were not associated with higher CRP, either. Age, body mass index, or serum long-chain n-3 PUFA concentration did not modify the associations (P-interactions > 0.14).
conclusionsSerum n-6 PUFAs were not associated with increased inflammation in men. In contrast, the main n-6 PUFA linoleic acid had a strong inverse association with the key inflammation marker, CRP.
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