ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2018
The effect of prenatal maternal cigarette smoking on children's BMI z-score with SGA as a mediator.
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal C-Peptide and Insulin Sensitivity, but Not BMI, Associate with Fatty Acids in the First Trimester of Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- Risk factors for small for gestational age as defined by a birthweight z-score below minus one: A prospective observational study.Medical research archives · 2024Article
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes in Toxoplasma gondii seropositive Hispanic women.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2023Article
- Cord blood metabolites and rapid postnatal growth as multiple mediators in the prenatal propensity to childhood overweight.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe goal of this study was to assess the effect of prenatal maternal cigarette smoking on children's BMI z-score trajectories, and to evaluate whether small-for-gestational-age (SGA) acts as a potential mediator between prenatal maternal cigarette smoking and child's BMI z-score at 4 years of age.
methodsGroup-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) methods were employed to describe and classify developmental BMI z-score trajectories (the outcome of interest) in children from 9 months to 4 years of age (n = 5221) in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) study (2001-2005). Further analysis examined whether the identified BMI z-score trajectories varied with the exposure, prenatal maternal cigarette smoking. Mediation analyses were utilized to examine whether being SGA (binary measure) acted as a potential mediator in the relationship between prenatal maternal cigarette smoking and BMI z-score among 4-year-old children.
resultsUsing GBTM, two BMI z-score trajectory groups were identified: normal BMI z-score (57.8%); and high BMI z-score (42.2%). Children of mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy were 2.1 times (RR 95% CI: 1.1-4.0, P value = 0.023) more at risk of being in the high BMI z-score trajectory group. Prenatal cigarette smoking was positively related to SGA at birth, but SGA was inversely related to BMI z-score at 4 years. The direct effect (0.19, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.19; P value < 0.001) of maternal cigarette smoking status during pregnancy on BMI z-score among 4-year-old children was stronger and in the opposite direction of the indirect effect (-0.04, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.04; P value < 0.001) mediated through SGA.
conclusionsIn this study, prenatal maternal cigarette smoking was positively associated with the high BMI z-score group, as well with SGA. The effects of prenatal smoking on BMI z-score at 4 years appears to act through pathways other than SGA.
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