Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29514613›Full record

ArticleBMC medical research methodology2018

Pragmatism in practice: lessons learned during screening and enrollment for a randomised controlled trial in rural northern Ethiopia.

Meseret Molla, Henok Negussie, Moses Ngari, Esther Kivaya, Patricia Njuguna, Fikre Enqueselassie, James A Berkley, Gail Davey

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical research methodology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Meseret MollaCentre for Environment and Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Henok NegussieWellcome Trust Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK.
Moses NgariKEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
Esther KivayaKEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
Patricia NjugunaKEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
Fikre EnqueselassieSchool of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
James A BerkleyKEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
Gail DaveyWellcome Trust Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK. g.davey@bsms.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-2796-7468

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/K007211/1Medical Research Council WT099946MAWellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe use the example of the Gojjam Lymphoedema Best Practice Trial (GoLBeT), a pragmatic trial in a remote rural setting in northern Ethiopia, to extract lessons relevant to other investigators balancing the demands of practicality and community acceptability with internal and external validity in clinical trials.

methodsWe explain in detail the preparation for the trial, its setting in northern Ethiopia, the identification and selection of patients (inclusion and exclusion criterion, identifying and screening of patients at home, enrollment of patients at the health centres and health posts), and randomisation.

resultsWe describe the challenges met, together with strategies employed to overcome them.

conclusionsExamples given in the previous section are contextualised and general principles extracted where possible. We conclude that it is possible to conduct a trial that balances approaches that support internal validity (e.g. careful design of proformas, accurate case identification, control over data quality and high retention rates) with those that favour generalisability (e.g. 'real world' setting and low rates of exclusion). Strategies, such as Rapid Ethical Assessment, that increase researchers' understanding of the study setting and inclusion of hard-to-reach participants are likely to have resource and time implications, but are vital in achieving an appropriate balance.

trial registrationISRCTN67805210, registered 24/01/2013.

Indexed as

EthiopiaGeographyHumansLymphedemaMass ScreeningOutcome Assessment, Health CarePatient SelectionPragmatic Clinical Trials as TopicRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicResearch DesignRural PopulationExternal validityInternal validityLessonsPragmaticRandomised controlled trial

Identifiers

PMID29514613
PMCPMC5842624

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.