ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2018
Unveiling skin macrophage dynamics explains both tattoo persistence and strenuous removal.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical treatment strategies to manipulate human skin pigmentation.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Tat_BioV: tattoo ink exposure and biokinetics of selected tracers in a short-term clinical study of 24 subjects.Archives of toxicology · 2025Trial
- Dermal tattoos in biomedicine: Emerging platforms for sensing and therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Tattoo Pigment In Situ as a Determinant of Laser Treatment Response: Composition, Particle Size Distribution, Cellular Localisation, and In Situ Transformations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Mytilus edulis-mediated green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles with antimicrobial and molluscicidal applications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Quantifying Ultra-Low Pigment Solubilities by UV-Vis Spectroscopy: Implications for Toxicological Assessment.ACS measurement science au · 2026Article
- The language of the immune system: Part 1: Cytokine conversations and conversationalists.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Moranoline-EnrichedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical evaluation of photochromic nanoparticle tattoo ink: safety, tolerability, and performance of rewritable intradermal implants.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes of a vacuum-assisted multimodal picosecond tattoo removal protocol: a retrospective case series.Lasers in medical science · 2026Observational
- Tattoos causing local and even generalized lymphadenopathies including sarcoidosis.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2026Review
- Tattoo-Associated Sarcoid-like Uveitis: A Multicenter Registry Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Tattoos and risk of cutaneous melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in France.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Self-reported side effects of tattooing: a cross-sectional study in the Swedish TABOO cohort.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Tattoo ink induces inflammation in the draining lymph node and alters the immune response to vaccination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Characterization of the immune landscape in healthy mouse prostate and during prostate cancer progression.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Melanogenesis inhibition and anti-inflammation is essential for pigment-clearance in melasma treated by low-fluence Q-switched nd: YAG 1064 nm laser.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Scalp Micropigmentation Is an Effective Treatment for Localized Alopecia: Technical Analysis and a Series of Ten Case Reports.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Immunocompetent cell targeting by food-additive titanium dioxide.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Prospective Isolation According to Melanin Pigment Content of Melanoma Cells With Heterogeneous Potentials for Disease Propagation.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Here we describe a new mouse model that exploits the pattern of expression of the high-affinity IgG receptor (CD64) and allows diphtheria toxin (DT)-mediated ablation of tissue-resident macrophages and monocyte-derived cells. We found that the myeloid cells of the ear skin dermis are dominated by DT-sensitive, melanin-laden cells that have been missed in previous studies and correspond to macrophages that have ingested melanosomes from neighboring melanocytes. Those cells have been referred to as melanophages in humans. We also identified melanophages in melanocytic melanoma. Benefiting of our knowledge on melanophage dynamics, we determined the identity, origin, and dynamics of the skin myeloid cells that capture and retain tattoo pigment particles. We showed that they are exclusively made of dermal macrophages. Using the possibility to delete them, we further demonstrated that tattoo pigment particles can undergo successive cycles of capture-release-recapture without any tattoo vanishing. Therefore, congruent with dermal macrophage dynamics, long-term tattoo persistence likely relies on macrophage renewal rather than on macrophage longevity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.