ArticleBMJ open2018
Visual Impairment Screening Assessment (VISA) tool: pilot validation.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline on visual impairment in stroke.European stroke journal · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- Health care professional perspectives on vision screening in older adults who attend hospital following a fall: a focus group study.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Validation of the Vision Impairment Screening Assessment in acute stroke care: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Orthoptic stroke services in the UK and Ireland: how have they evolved?Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a structured visual assessment after stroke in municipal health care services.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Spatial Neglect Subtypes, Definitions and Assessment Tools: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- The development of vision between nature and nurture: clinical implications from visual neuroscience.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2020Review
- Are early visual behavior impairments involved in the onset of autism spectrum disorders? Insights for early diagnosis and intervention.European journal of pediatrics · 2020Review
- High incidence and prevalence of visual problems after acute stroke: An epidemiology study with implications for service delivery.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo report and evaluate a new Vision Impairment Screening Assessment (VISA) tool intended for use by the stroke team to improve identification of visual impairment in stroke survivors.
designProspective case cohort comparative study.
settingStroke units at two secondary care hospitals and one tertiary centre.
participants116 stroke survivors were screened, 62 by naïve and 54 by non-naïve screeners.
main outcome measuresBoth the VISA screening tool and the comprehensive specialist vision assessment measured case history, visual acuity, eye alignment, eye movements, visual field and visual inattention.
resultsFull completion of VISA tool and specialist vision assessment was achieved for 89 stroke survivors. Missing data for one or more sections typically related to patient's inability to complete the assessment. Sensitivity and specificity of the VISA screening tool were 90.24% and 85.29%, respectively; the positive and negative predictive values were 93.67% and 78.36%, respectively. Overall agreement was significant; k=0.736. Lowest agreement was found for screening of eye movement and visual inattention deficits.
conclusionsThis early validation of the VISA screening tool shows promise in improving detection accuracy for clinicians involved in stroke care who are not specialists in vision problems and lack formal eye training, with potential to lead to more prompt referral with fewer false positives and negatives. Pilot validation indicates acceptability of the VISA tool for screening of visual impairment in stroke survivors. Sensitivity and specificity were high indicating the potential accuracy of the VISA tool for screening purposes. Results of this study have guided the revision of the VISA screening tool ahead of full clinical validation.
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Registered trials
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