ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2018
Current Epidemiology and Trends in Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease-United States, 2009-2015.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae carriage among healthy children in China: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Streptococcus agalactiae carriage among pregnant women living in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, over a period of eight years.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Epidemiology of Invasive NontypeableOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Host, Pathogen, and Pulmonary Anatomy in Pneumonia: An Integrated Imaging and Clinical Perspective.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clusters of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease Among Adults Using Substances or Experiencing Homelessness or Housing Instability - Alaska, Oregon, and Washington, 2023─2025.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2026Article
- Clinical Course and Outcomes of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Infections among Children at Two Hospitals in Alaska.The Journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Repurposing the angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan to inhibit penicillin-binding protein 3 and its mutants inFrontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Article
- Infant protection from invasiveHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Simultaneous visual diagnosis of capsulated and non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae using a duplex RPA method.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Characteristics of 241 invasive and non-invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients under 14 years old, Hebei Province, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Synthesis and Immunogenicity of Pseudo-Oligosaccharides Structurally Related to Repeating Units of Capsular Phosphoglycans of Human Pathogens.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- AASM case reports · 2025Article
- The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States during 2008-2023: an analysis of active, laboratory, population-based, multistate surveillance data.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Role of the upper airway microbiota in respiratory virus and bacterial pathobiont dynamics in the first year of life.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Intra-host genomic variation of serologically nontypeableMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Exploiting haem-iron dependence of nontypeableFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Shifts in Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Haemophilus Influenzae in Children From Chongqing (2019-2024): Pre-, During, and Post-COVID-19.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Purulent Pericarditis and Septic Shock Caused by Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Following Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) conjugate vaccine introduction in the 1980s, Hib disease in young children dramatically decreased, and epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae changed. Methods: Active surveillance for invasive H. influenzae disease was conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites. Incidence rates were directly standardized to the age and race distribution of the US population. Results: During 2009-2015, the estimated mean annual incidence of invasive H. influenzae disease was 1.70 cases per 100000 population. Incidence was highest among adults aged ≥65 years (6.30) and children aged <1 year (8.45); many cases in infants aged <1 year occurred during the first month of life in preterm or low-birth-weight infants. Among children aged <5 years (incidence: 2.84), incidence was substantially higher in American Indian and Alaska Natives AI/AN (15.19) than in all other races (2.62). Overall, 14.5% of cases were fatal; case fatality was highest among adults aged ≥65 years (20%). Nontypeable H. influenzae had the highest incidence (1.22) and case fatality (16%), as compared with Hib (0.03; 4%) and non-b encapsulated serotypes (0.45; 11%). Compared with 2002-2008, the estimated incidence of invasive H. influenzae disease increased by 16%, driven by increases in disease caused by serotype a and nontypeable strains. Conclusions: Invasive H. influenzae disease has increased, particularly due to nontypeable strains and serotype a. A considerable burden of invasive H. influenzae disease affects the oldest and youngest age groups, particularly AI/AN children. These data can inform prevention strategies, including vaccine development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.