ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Changing demographics of visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil: Lessons for the future.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental and socioeconomic risk factors associated with visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review.Parasitology research · 2020Pooled it
- Insecticide-impregnated dog collars reduce infantile clinical visceral leishmaniasis under operational conditions in NW Iran: A community-wide cluster randomised trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of peripheral blood immune cells spanning progressive canine leishmaniosis.iScience · 2026Article
- [Temporal trends and clinical-epidemiological profile of visceral leishmaniasis-HIV coinfection in Brazilian states between 2009 and 2024].Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Prognostic models predicting clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of peripheral blood immune cells spanning progressive canine leishmaniosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal analysis of environmental factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil, 2007-2022.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- T-cell activation and senescence in asymptomatic HIV/Leishmania infantum co-infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Human Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil in the Past 20 Years: An Epidemiologic Update.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2025Review
- Assessment of asymptomaticFrontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Spatial analytics to elucidate the incubation period and drivers of visceral leishmaniasis: case of Turkana County in Kenya.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Phenotypic and functional characteristics of monocyte subsets in the blood and bone marrow of Indian subjects with Visceral Leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Surveillance of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil: An Ecological Study.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
- The Potential Use of Peptides in the Fight against Chagas Disease and Leishmaniasis.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Hierarchical spatiotemporal modeling of human visceral leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Visceral Leishmaniasis Associated with HIV Coinfection in Pará, Brazil.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Municipal solid waste, an overlooked route of transmission for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: a review.Environmental chemistry letters · 2023Review
- High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs and its associated risk factors in selected towns of Southwest and West Shewa zones of Oromia, Ethiopia.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum became a disease of urban areas in Brazil in the last 30 years and there has been an increase in asymptomatic L. infantum infection with these areas. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsA retrospective study of human VL was performed in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, for the period of 1990-2014. The data were divided into five-time periods. For all VL cases, data on sex, age, nutritional status and childhood vaccination were collected. Geographic information system tools and statistical models were used to analyze the dispersion of human VL. The mean annual incidence of VL was 4.6 cases/100,000 inhabitants, with total 3,252 cases reported. The lethality rate was 6.4%. Over time the annual incidence of VL decreased in the 0-4 years (p<0.0001) and 5-9 (p <0.0001) age groups, but increased in ages 20-39 (p<0.001) and >40 years (p<0.0001). VL occurred more often in males (β2 = 2.5; p<0.0001). The decreased incidence of VL in children was associated with improved nutritional status and childhood immunizations including measles, poliomyelitis, BCG, and hepatitis B. Human VL correlated temporally and geographically with canine L. infantum infection (p = 0.002, R2 = 0.438), with rainfall and with Lutzomyia longipalpis density (r = 0.762). Overall, the incidence of VL decreased, while VL-AIDS increased, especially between 2010-2014. VL was more frequently found in areas that lacked urban infrastructure, detected by lack of garbage collection and sewers, whereas HIV infection was associated with higher levels of schooling and evidence of higher socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The demographics of VL in northeastern Brazil have changed. Disease incidence has decreased in children and increased in adults. They were associated with improvements in nutrition, socioeconomic status and immunization rates. Concurrent VL-AIDS poses a serious challenge for the future.
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Registered trials
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