Trial reportPloS one2018
Sexual risk during pregnancy and postpartum periods among HIV-infected and -uninfected South African women: Implications for primary and secondary HIV prevention interventions.
Trial report in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Reported oral and anal sex among adolescents and adults reporting heterosexual sex in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Reproductive health · 2019Pooled it
- Leveraging infant visit PrEP screening INtegration & tasK shifting to improve post-partum HIV prevention in Malawi (LINK): a cluster-randomized trial evaluation of a postpartum HIV prevention package among breastfeeding women in Malawi.BMC health services research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Empowering Women's PrEP Choices: Qualitative Insights into Long-Acting PrEP Preferences and Decision-Making during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in South Africa and Botswana.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Multisector global collaboration to advance the inclusion of pregnant and lactating people in HIV prevention research.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral Use for HIV Prevention During Pregnancy: The Need to Strengthen Regulatory and Surveillance Systems in Africa.Drug safety · 2025Article
- Health System Factors Influencing the Integration of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis into Antenatal and Postnatal Clinic Services in Cape Town, South Africa.Global health, science and practice · 2024Article
- Global health trends of human papillomavirus-associated oral cancer: A review.Public health challenges · 2023Review
- Integration of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services for pregnant and breastfeeding women in eight primary care clinics: results of an implementation science study.Research square · 2023Article
- High incidence of asymptomatic genital tract infections in pregnancy in adolescent girls and young women: need for repeat aetiological screening.Sexually transmitted infections · 2023Article
- Retention in care and viral suppression in the PMTCT continuum at a large referral facility in western Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- HIV Prevention Tools Across the Pregnancy Continuum: What Works, What Does Not, and What Can We Do Differently?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- The importance of assessing and addressing mental health barriers to PrEP use during pregnancy and postpartum in sub-Saharan Africa: state of the science and research priorities.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Cross-sectional trends in HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Botswana: an opportunity for PrEP?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Where are the pregnant and breastfeeding women in new pre-exposure prophylaxis trials? The imperative to overcome the evidence gap.The lancet. HIV · 2022Review
- Alcohol use and intimate partner violence in HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa.AIDS care · 2022Article
- Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Recent Adherence With Real-Time Adherence Feedback and Partner Human Immunodeficiency Virus Self-Testing: A Pilot Trial Among Postpartum Women.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Maternal PrEP Use in HIV-Uninfected Pregnant Women in South Africa: Role of Stigma in PrEP Initiation, Retention and Adherence.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Urgent appeal to implement pre-exposure prophylaxis for pregnant and breastfeeding women in South Africa.South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV acquisition in pregnancy and breastfeeding contributes significantly toward pediatric HIV infection. However, little is known about how sexual behavior changes during pregnancy and postpartum periods which will help develop targeted HIV prevention and transmission interventions, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
methodsCross-sectional study in HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant and postpartum women in Cape Town, South Africa. Interviewers collected survey data on demographic, sexual behaviors, and alcohol use among pregnant and post-partum women. We report descriptive results of sexual behavior by trimester and postpartum period, and results of multivariable logistic regression stratified by pregnancy status.
resultsWe enrolled 377 pregnant and postpartum women (56% pregnant, 40% HIV-infected). During pregnancy, 98% of women reported vaginal sex (8% anal sex, 44% oral sex) vs. 35% and 88% during the periods 0-6 and 7-12 months postpartum, respectively (p<0.05). More pregnant women reported having >1 partner in the past 12-months compared to postpartum women (18% vs. 13%, respectively, p<0.05). Sex frequency varied by trimester with greatest mean sex acts occurring during first trimester and >6-months postpartum (13 mean sex acts in first trimester; 17 mean sex acts >6-months postpartum). Pregnant women had increased odds of reporting condomless sex at last sex (aOR = 2.96;95%CI = 1.84-4.78) and ever having condomless sex in past 3-months (aOR = 2.65;95%CI = 1.30-5.44) adjusting for age, HIV status, and sex frequency compared to postpartum women.
conclusionWe identified that sexual behaviors and risk behaviors were high and changing during pregnancy and postpartum periods, presenting challenges to primary and secondary HIV prevention efforts, including PrEP delivery to pregnant and breastfeeding women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.