ArticleStatistics in medicine2018
Assessing the performance of the generalized propensity score for estimating the effect of quantitative or continuous exposures on binary outcomes.
Article in Statistics in medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inverse Probability Weights for Quasicontinuous Ordinal Exposures With a Binary Outcome: Method Comparison and Case Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Trial
- The performance of different propensity score methods for estimating the effects of multiple treatments or exposures: a neutral comparison study.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- Wildfire smoke PMScience advances · 2026Article
- A Tutorial for Propensity Score Weighting Methods Under Violations of the Positivity Assumption.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Energy Burden and Chronic Kidney Disease: A National Study in the United States.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Lipid metabolism-related inflammatory indices (LMIIs) and incident peripheral artery diseases (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a multicohort study from China and the UK biobank.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Estimating the treatment effects of multiple drug combinations on multiple outcomes in hypertension.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Estimating the Causal Effect of Filter Ventilation Levels in Cigarettes on Past 30-Day Smoking.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Comparison of postoperative prognoses for resectable colorectal cancer with vs. without oncologic emergency using propensity score‑matched analyses: A single-center retrospective observational study.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the causal effect of maternal education on the utilisation of maternal health services in Bangladesh using an observational study - a comparison of different propensity score methods and covariate adjustment.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Estimating generalized propensity scores with survey and attrition weighted data.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
- Is Medicaid Expansion Associated with Improved Nonmetastatic Colon Cancer Survival? An Analysis of the National Cancer Database.The American surgeon · 2023Article
- Short- and long-term outcomes of preservation versus ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in laparoscopic D3 lymph node dissection for descending colon cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2023Article
- Robust Methods for Quantifying the Effect of a Continuous Exposure From Observational Data.IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2022Article
- Evaluating sensitivity to classification uncertainty in latent subgroup effect analyses.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Article
- Population heterogeneity in clinical cohorts affects the predictive accuracy of brain imaging.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Short-term outcomes of extracorporeal colo-colonic triangular anastomosis versus functional end-to-end anastomosis in laparoscopic-assisted surgery for left-sided colon cancer: a propensity score matching analysis.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2022Article
- A Methodological Approach to Use Contextual Factors for Epidemiological Studies on Chronic Exposure to Air Pollution and COVID-19 in Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Comparison of urethral sling surgery and non-ablative vaginal Erbium:YAG laser treatment in 327 patients with stress urinary incontinence: a case-matching analysis.Lasers in medical science · 2022Article
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1 author.
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Abstract
Propensity score methods are increasingly being used to estimate the effects of treatments and exposures when using observational data. The propensity score was initially developed for use with binary exposures. The generalized propensity score (GPS) is an extension of the propensity score for use with quantitative or continuous exposures (eg, dose or quantity of medication, income, or years of education). We used Monte Carlo simulations to examine the performance of different methods of using the GPS to estimate the effect of continuous exposures on binary outcomes. We examined covariate adjustment using the GPS and weighting using weights based on the inverse of the GPS. We examined both the use of ordinary least squares to estimate the propensity function and the use of the covariate balancing propensity score algorithm. The use of methods based on the GPS was compared with the use of G-computation. All methods resulted in essentially unbiased estimation of the population dose-response function. However, GPS-based weighting tended to result in estimates that displayed greater variability and had higher mean squared error when the magnitude of confounding was strong. Of the methods based on the GPS, covariate adjustment using the GPS tended to result in estimates with lower variability and mean squared error when the magnitude of confounding was strong. We illustrate the application of these methods by estimating the effect of average neighborhood income on the probability of death within 1 year of hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction.
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