ReviewImmunologic research2018
Phagocytosis and oxycytosis: two arms of human innate immunity.
Review in Immunologic research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Erythrocyte-inspired biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy: Integration within the cancer-immunity cycle.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
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- Rapid clearance of bacteria from maternal bloodstream after delivery in pregnancies complicated by preterm pre-labor rupture of the membranes.Research square · 2025Article
- Bacterial translocation signatures and subgingival microbiome in individuals with periodontitis.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Differences in cell-associated and cell-free microbial DNA in blood.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Beyond anti-inflammatory strategies: addressing immunosuppression with nanomaterials in sepsis treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Spleen-targeted neoantigen DNA vaccine for personalized immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.EMBO molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Versatile biomimetic nanomedicine for treating cancer and inflammation disease.Medical review (2021) · 2023Review
- The role of macrophages in rosacea: implications for targeted therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Perspective on the Application of Erythrocyte Liposome-Based Drug Delivery for Infectious Diseases.Membranes · 2022Review
- Targeted Delivery of PD-L1-Derived Phosphorylation-Mimicking Peptides by Engineered Biomimetic Nanovesicles to Enhance Osteosarcoma Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Article
- Oxygen therapy for sepsis and prevention of complications.Acute and critical care · 2022Article
- Red Blood Cell-Mimic Nanocatalyst Triggering Radical Storm to Augment Cancer Immunotherapy.Nano-micro letters · 2022Article
- Oxygen Metabolism-induced Stress Response Underlies Heart-brain Interaction Governing Human Consciousness-breaking and Attention.Neuroscience bulletin · 2022Article
- Nanocarriers surface engineered with cell membranes for cancer targeted chemotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Article
- Advances in the polymeric delivery of nucleic acid vaccines.Theranostics · 2022Review
- Review
- Prediction of in-hospital recurrence and false-negative results in patients with COVID-19 by red blood cell values on admission.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Systemic antiviral immunization by virus-mimicking nanoparticles-decorated erythrocytes.Nano today · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human innate immunity operates in two compartments: extravascular (the tissues) and intravascular (the bloodstream). Physical conditions (fluid dynamics) in the compartments are different and, as a result, bactericidal mechanisms and involved cells are different as well. In relatively static media (the tissues, lymph nodes), bacteria are killed by phagocytes; in dynamic media (the bloodstream), bacteria are killed by erythrocytes. In the tissues and lymph nodes, resident macrophages and transmigrated from blood leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) recognize, engulf, kill, and digest bacteria; the clearance of the bloodstream from bacteria is performed by oxycytosis: erythrocytes catch bacteria by electric charge attraction and kill them by the oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin. Killed by erythrocytes, bacteria are decomposed and digested in the liver and the spleen. Phagocytosis by leukocytes in the tissues and oxycytosis by erythrocytes in the bloodstream are the main bactericidal mechanisms of human innate immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.