ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2018
Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the pelvic floor in primiparous women: a cross-sectional study.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feasibility study of transvaginal biplanar convex ultrasound for evaluating levator ani muscle.Journal of ultrasound · 2026Article
- The Use of Transperineal Ultrasonography to Compare Relevant Factors for Postpartum Urinary Incontinence Related to Different Modes of Delivery.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- Combining pelvic floor ultrasonography with deep learning to diagnose anterior compartment organ prolapse.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse in postpartum women: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Southwest China.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Hiatal failure: effects of pregnancy, delivery, and pelvic floor disorders on level III factors.International urogynecology journal · 2023Review
- Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging assessment of levator ani in women progressing from full-term pregnancy to 10 months postpartum.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2022Article
- Impact of Vaginal Delivery on Pelvic Floor.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2020Article
- Questionnaires to evaluate pelvic floor dysfunction in the postpartum period: a systematic review.International journal of women's health · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisWe used clinical examination and transperineal 3D/4D ultrasound (US) to evaluate pelvic floor muscles (PFM) after different delivery modes.
methodsWomen were surveyed using validated questionnaires. PFM were evaluated and classified according to the Modified Oxford Scale following 3D/4D transperineal US. For statistical analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests were used.
resultsFifty-three women were evaluated: 32 with previous vaginal delivery (VD) and 21 with cesarean section (CS) (8 nonelective and 13 elective). No significant difference among groups was observed regarding urinary incontinence (UI) after delivery (p = 0.39), loss of muscle strength referred by the patient (p = 0.48), or evaluated through digital examination (p = 0.87). No patient with elective CS had avulsion, with difference between VD and elective CS (p = 0.008). US evaluation identified no differences in bladder-neck elevation (p = 0.69) or descent (p = 0.65) , and no difference in genital hiatus size (p = 0.35), levator ani thickness (p = 0.35 -0.44), or presence of major or minor levator ani avulsion (p = 0.10).
conclusionsWe evaluated primiparous women within 12 to 24 months of delivery and found that VD was associated with PFM avulsion. There was no difference among VD and nonelective or elective CS in symptomatology or other anatomic alterations evaluated through 3D/4D transperineal US.
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