ReviewTrends in cancer2018
The Evolving Landscape of Brain Metastasis.
Review in Trends in cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 189 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
189 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 291 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery versus whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Optimizing post-acute care inpatient rehabilitation for patients with brain metastasis: A systematic review of functional outcomes.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Liquid biopsy in the setting of leptomeningeal metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Pooled it
- The association between graded prognostic assessment and the prognosis of brain metastases after whole brain radiotherapy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Brain metastases: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management and future directions.Neuro-oncology · 2022Guideline
- CTLA-4 Expression and Its Clinical Significance in Breast Cancer.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2021Pooled it
- Breast brain metastases are associated with increased risk of leptomeningeal disease after stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2020Pooled it
- Pembrolizumab for management of patients with NSCLC and brain metastases: long-term results and biomarker analysis from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2020Trial
- A Systematic Intracranial Exposure-Response Evaluation of Brain-Penetrant Inhibitors: Informing Dose Selection for Brain Metastases.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Head-to-head comparison of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in intracranial space-occupying lesions.Annals of nuclear medicine · 2026Article
- Brain metastasis: Opportunities for novel therapies.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- The emerging roles of cerebral pericytes in brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Trends and disparities in mortality due to secondary malignant neoplasm of the brain and cerebral meninges in the United States (1999-2024).Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Circulating PDIA4, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Claudin-2 in Vitamin D-Deficient Patients with Brain Tumors: An Exploratory Clinical Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Astrocyte heterogeneity in brain metastases.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Engineered zwitterion-nanodelivery for precision targeting of brain metastases.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Circular RNA dynamics in breast-to-brain metastatic cascade.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Multiscale systems modelling of communication networks in brain metastasis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- S100A14 in Tumor-Derived EVs Targets PIAS3 to Reprogram Astrocytes and Induce Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Promoting Brain Metastasis and Germacrone Reversal Effect.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Protocol for validating drug efficacy and safety in scalable 96-well platforms of human cortical organoids and melanoma brain metastases.STAR protocols · 2026Article
129 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 10 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Metastasis, involving the spread of systemic cancer to the brain, results in neurologic disability and death. Current treatments are largely palliative in nature; improved therapeutic approaches represent an unmet clinical need. However, recent experimental and clinical advances challenge the bleak long-term outcome of this disease. Encompassing key recent findings in epidemiology, genetics, microenvironment, leptomeningeal disease, neurocognition, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and prophylaxis, we review preclinical and clinical studies to provide a comprehensive picture of contemporary research and the management of secondary brain tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.