ArticleSleep2018
Social, motor, and cognitive development through the lens of sleep network dynamics in infants and toddlers between 12 and 30 months of age.
Article in Sleep, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- EEG signatures of motor development in early childhood: a systematic review.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Noninvasive Measurement of Infant Respiration During Sleep: A Validation Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Tracing infant sleep neurophysiology longitudinally from 3 to 6 months: EEG insights into brain development.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Article
- Infant sleep EEG features at 4 months as biomarkers of neurodevelopment at 18 months.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Sleep Spindle Abnormalities in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disability: Insights From Nap Polysomnography.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Pediatric sleep electrophysiology: Using polysomnography in developmental cognitive neuroscience.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- The importance of sleep for the developing brain.Current sleep medicine reports · 2024Article
- Development of slow oscillation-spindle coupling from infancy to toddlerhood.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
- Lack of association between behavioral development and simplified topographical markers of the sleep EEG in infancy.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2023Article
- The sleep and wake electroencephalogram over the lifespan.Neurobiology of aging · 2023Article
- The sleeping brain's connectivity and family environment: characterizing sleep EEG coherence in an infant cohort.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Relations between sleep patterns early in life and brain development: A review.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2022Review
- Sleep of infants and toddlers during 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the midwestern United States.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Nonrapid eye movement sleep characteristics and relations with motor, memory, and cognitive ability from infancy to preadolescence.Developmental psychobiology · 2021Review
- A Systematic Review on Attachment and Sleep at Preschool Age.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Infant functional networks are modulated by state of consciousness and circadian rhythm.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Relationship between the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and fundamental motor skills in preschoolers.Journal of science and medicine in sport · 2020Observational
- Nonrapid eye movement sleep and risk for autism spectrum disorder in early development: A topographical electroencephalogram pilot study.Brain and behavior · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Widespread change in behavior and the underlying brain network substrate is a hallmark of early development. Sleep plays a fundamental role in this process. Both slow waves and spindles are key features of nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM) that exhibit pronounced developmental trajectories from infancy to adulthood. Yet, these prominent features of NREM sleep are poorly understood in infants and toddlers in the age range of 12 to 30 months. Moreover, it is unknown how network dynamics of NREM sleep are associated with outcomes of early development. Addressing this gap in our understanding of sleep during development will enable the subsequent study of pathological changes in neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of the current study was to characterize the sleep topography with high-density electroencephalography in this age group. We found that δ, θ, and β oscillations and sleep spindles exhibited clear developmental changes. Low δ and high θ oscillations correlated with motor, language, and social skills, independent of age. These findings suggest an important role of network dynamics of NREM sleep in cortical maturation and the associated development of skills during this important developmental period.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.