ArticleMedical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre2018
Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced Patients in Kuwait.
Article in Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges in Elucidating HIV-1 Genetic Diversity in the Middle East and North Africa: A Review Based on a Systematic Search.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Phylogenetic Evidence of Local HIV-1 Transmission and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in the Middle East and North Africa.Viruses · 2026Article
- Clinical and Health Care Resource Use Outcomes Associated With Resistance to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Veterans With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the prevalence of nonpolymorphic resistance-associated mutations (RAM) in HIV-1 patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Kuwait. SUBJECTS AND
methodsTotal RNA was isolated from plasma samples of 42 patients who received a first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen. HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase genetic regions were then amplified by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. The HIV-1 subtype was identified using the Bayesian phylogenetic method, and RAM were identified using the Stanford University genotypic resistance interpretation algorithm.
resultsThe HIV-1 viral load at sampling ranged from < 20 to 8.25 × 104 copies/ml. CRF01_AE, C, and B were the most predominant HIV-1 subtypes. Nonpolymorphic mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs were detected in 11 (26.2%) of the 42 patients; 5 (11.9%) patients had mutations associated with a high-level resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), 4 (9.5%) patients had mutations associated with resistance to NNRTI, 1 (2.4%) patient had mutations associated with resistance to both NRTI and NNRTI, and 1 (2.4%) patient had mutations potentially associated with low-level resistance to both protease inhibitors and NNRTI. All patients with RAM had a detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA level.
conclusionOur results indicate the development of RAM during an NNRTI-based regimen and highlight the importance of considering other regimens to avoid treatment failure.
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