Trial reportJournal of affective disorders2018
Features of dissociation differentially predict antidepressant response to ketamine in treatment-resistant depression.
Trial report in Journal of affective disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04701866 (Music as a Potential Intervention to Improve Hemodynamic Tolerability of Repetitive Sub-Anesthetic IV Ketamine Infusions in Bipolar and Unipolar Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Music as a Potential Intervention to Improve Hemodynamic Tolerability of Repetitive Sub-Anesthetic IV Ketamine Infusions in Bipolar and Unipolar Depression: A Pilot Study
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy as a treatment for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review.Psychopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Ketamine-induced altered states of consciousness: a systematic review of implications for therapeutic outcomes in psychiatric practices.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Oral Prolonged-Release Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Does the intensity of dissociation predict antidepressant effects 24 hours after infusion of racemic ketamine or esketamine in treatment-resistant depression? A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy · 2025Trial
- Acute Dissociation and Ketamine's Antidepressant and Anti-Suicidal Ideation Effects in a Midazolam-Controlled Trial.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Effects of a dissociative drug on fronto-limbic resting-state functional connectivity in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled pilot study.Psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Ketamine's acute effects on negative brain states are mediated through distinct altered states of consciousness in humans.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Adverse Events and Measurement of Dissociation After the First Dose of Esketamine in Patients With TRD.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Development and validation of a short-form (6-item) version of the clinician-administered dissociative states scale (CADSS-SF).European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Ketamine Across the Dose-State Continuum: EEG Signatures, Network Dynamics, and Implications for Brain-State Monitoring in Anesthesia and Critical Care.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Mystical Experience Induced by Esketamine Treatment: A Real-World Observational Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Narrative Experiences of Esketamine-Induced Dissociation in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Qualitative Exploratory Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Combining DNA methylation features and clinical characteristics predicts ketamine treatment response for PTSD.iScience · 2026Article
- Are "mystical experiences" essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics?European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Arketamine: a scoping review of its use in humans.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- The Effects of Psychotherapy on Single and Repeated Ketamine Infusion(s) Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: The Convergence of Molecular and Psychological Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Induction of Dissociative States: A Meta-Analysis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Psychedelic Drugs in Mental Disorders: Current Clinical Scope and Deep Learning-Based Advanced Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Lifting the veil: probing altered visual perception in derealization.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundKetamine induces rapid and robust antidepressant effects, and many patients also describe dissociation, which is associated with antidepressant response. This follow-up study investigated whether antidepressant efficacy is uniquely related to dissociative symptom clusters.
methodsTreatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) (n = 126) drawn from three studies received a single subanesthetic (0.5 mg/kg) ketamine infusion. Dissociative effects were measured using the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). Antidepressant response was measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). A confirmatory factor analysis established the validity of CADSS subscales (derealization, depersonalization, amnesia), and a general linear model with repeated measures was fitted to test whether subscale scores were associated with antidepressant response.
resultsFactor validity was supported, with a root mean square error of approximation of .06, a comparative fit index of .97, and a Tucker-Lewis index of .96. Across all studies and timepoints, the depersonalization subscale was positively related to HAM-D percent change. A significant effect of derealization on HAM-D percent change was observed at one timepoint (Day 7) in one study. The amnesia subscale was unrelated to HAM-D percent change. LIMITATIONS: Possible inadequate blinding; combined MDD/BD datasets might have underrepresented ketamine's antidepressant efficacy; the possibility of Type I errors in secondary analyses.
conclusionsFrom a psychometric perspective, researchers may elect to administer only the CADSS depersonalization subscale, given that it was most closely related to antidepressant response. From a neurobiological perspective, mechanistic similarities may exist between ketamine-induced depersonalization and antidepressant response, although off-target effects cannot be excluded.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.