ArticleWiener klinische Wochenschrift2018
Vitamin K2 in multiple sclerosis patients.
Article in Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- The epigenetic potential of vitamin K2 in brain health.Epigenomics · 2025Review
- Vitamins in the Prevention and Support Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Biodegradable Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers-Encapsulated Trichinella Spiralis Antigens Protect from Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Related Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Association Between Circulating Vitamin K Levels, Gut Microbiome, and Type 1 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Brain-Gut-Bone Axis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights, Challenges, and Future Prospects.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Modulation of multiple sclerosis risk and pathogenesis by the gut microbiota: Complex interactions between host genetics, bacterial metabolism, and diet.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Identification of commensal gut microbiota signatures as predictors of clinical severity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Vitamin K2 in Health and Disease: A Clinical Perspective.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Vitamin K2 protects mice against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat diet.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Vitamin K: Infection, Inflammation, and Auto-Immunity.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- The Potential Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in the Reversal or Stabilization of Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms: A Literature Review on Efficacy and Safety.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- A Case Control Study Evaluating the Relationship between Vitamin K2 Serum Level and Periodontitis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Evaluating Risk: Benefit Ratio of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Supplementation to SARS-CoV-2-Infected Autoimmune and Cancer Patients: Do Vitamin-Drug Interactions Exist?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Safety Data in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases during Treatment with High Doses of Vitamin D3 According to the "Coimbra Protocol".Nutrients · 2022Article
- Role of diet in regulating the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Review
- Growing Evidence of a Proven Mechanism Shows Vitamin K2 Can Impact Health Conditions Beyond Bone and Cardiovascular.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2021Article
- The Role of Dietary Nutrients in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Probiotic consumption relieved human stress and anxiety symptoms possibly via modulating the neuroactive potential of the gut microbiota.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitamin K2 (VK2) belongs to the vitamin K family and comprises a number of subtypes differing in length of side chains consisting of isoprenoid groups (menaquinone-n, MK-n). It is essential for a number of physiological functions although the full spectrum of activity has not yet been elucidated. Due to its role in protection of mitochondrial damage, VK2 could be relevant in preventing disease progress in multiple sclerosis (MS).
methodsWe measured VK2 serum levels by the double antibody sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique in MS patients and age and sex matched controls, both under vitamin D supplementation, and related it to disease characteristics and treatment.
resultsOverall, 45 MS patients (31 females and 39 of the relapsing-remitting type) and 29 healthy controls (19 females) were included in the analysis. The MS patients had vastly lower VK2 blood levels than controls (235 ± 100 ng/ml vs. 812 ± 154 ng/ml, respectively). Female patients had significantly lower VK2 levels than males and a decrease with age by approximately 10% per decade was found. The VK2 levels were lower with increasing numbers of attacks per year and were higher in patients with optic nerve lesions. No consistent relationship with medications was detected.
conclusionThe substantially lower levels of VK2 in MS patients could be due to depletion, lower production in the gut, diminished absorption or, less likely, reduced intake of precursor vitamin K1. The role of VK2 in MS development and progress deserves further study.
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