ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine2019
Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells at the Level of Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review).International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Role of Chitinase 3-like 1 as a Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Pooled it
- Patterns of autoantibody expression in multiple sclerosis identified through development of an autoantigen discovery technology.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Trial
- Multikingdom microbiome-based machine learning enables multiple sclerosis diagnosis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative and inflammatory biomarkers are detectable in saliva in multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Deep learning in imaging analysis for multiple sclerosis: Diagnosis and monitoring.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- The cytokine signature in multiple sclerosis: a study during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity: a reappraisal of the evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Serum Interleukin-40 and Soluble CD40 Ligand as Complementary Biomarkers for Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Medeniyet medical journal · 2025Article
- Did COVID-19 Pandemic Change the Course of Multiple Sclerosis? A Retrospective Eight-Year Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Microbiota-Derived SCFAs in Multiple Sclerosis: From Immune Priming to Neurodegeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Glial Cytokine and Metabolic Networks in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: From Pathophysiology to Biomarkers and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Correlation of Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Functional Outcome in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology international · 2025Article
- HLA-A∗03:01 as predictive genetic biomarker for glatiramer acetate treatment response in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cohort analysis.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Bridging neuro-biomarkers and MR imaging: The synergistic role of glial fibrillary acidic protein in early CNS disease diagnosis.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Exosomal microRNAs as Early Transition Biomarkers from Recurrent-Remissive to Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cognitive Impairment in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Related Molecular Biomarkers and a Meta-Analysis of Associated Demographic and Disease-Related Characteristics.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative autoimmune disease with a complex clinical course characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Diagnosis of MS most commonly includes finding lesions in at least two separate areas of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of available treatments for MS. An optimal treatment is usually based on a personalized approach determined by an individual patient's prognosis and treatment risks. Biomarkers that can predict disability progression, monitor ongoing disease activity, and assess treatment response are integral in making important decisions regarding MS treatment. This review describes MS biomarkers that are currently being used in clinical practice; it also reviews and consolidates published findings from clinically relevant potential MS biomarkers in recent years. The work also discusses the challenges of validating and application of biomarkers in MS clinical practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.