ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine2019
Oral Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knowledge graph-guided multiple sclerosis identification and therapeutic trend analysis: Real-world evidence from two large healthcare systems.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- T cell-mediated immunodysregulation in multiple sclerosis: from pathogenic subsets to therapeutic advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- SMART-MC: Characterizing the Dynamics of Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Transitions Using a Covariate-Based Markov Model.Journal of the American Statistical Association · 2026Article
- Modulation of Nrf2 and Mitochondrial Function: Pharmacological Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dimethyl fumarate reprograms cervical cancer cells to enhance antitumor immunity by activating mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- Re-establishing immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis: focusing on novel mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell regulation of Th17/Treg balance.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Current Status of Oral Disease-Modifying Treatment Effects on Cognitive Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus as a rare complication of disease-modifying therapy administration in multiple sclerosis: case report.BMC neurology · 2023Review
- The Multi-Faceted Consequences of NRF2 Activation throughout Carcinogenesis.Molecules and cells · 2023Review
- Drug Repurposing for Identification of S1P1 Agonists with Potential Application in Multiple Sclerosis Using In Silico Drug Design Approaches.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2023Article
- Phenotypic drug discovery: recent successes, lessons learned and new directions.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2022Review
- Identification of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Using the Cell Painting Assay.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2022Article
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: Pioneering the Path Towards Treatment of Progression?CNS drugs · 2022Review
- Efficacy of Vafidemstat in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Highlights the KDM1A/RCOR1/HDAC Epigenetic Axis in Multiple Sclerosis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Antibody-mediated cell depletion therapies in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Reviewing the Significance of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Multiple Sclerosis Pathology and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Baricitinib Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Modulating the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Ozanimod to Treat Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Disease, Drug Efficacy and Side Effects.Neurology international · 2020Review
- Protective Functions of Reactive Astrocytes Following Central Nervous System Insult.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis treatment faces tremendous changes owing to the approval of new medications, some of which are available as oral formulations. Until now, the four orally available medications, fingolimod, dimethylfumarate (BG-12), teriflunomide, and cladribine have received market authorization, whereas laquinimod is still under development. Fingolimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibitor, which is typically used as escalation therapy and leads to up to 60% reduction of the annualized relapse rate, but might also have neuroprotective properties. In addition, there are three more specific S1P agonists in late stages of development: siponimod, ponesimod, and ozanimod. Dimethylfumarate has immunomodulatory and cytoprotective functions and is used as baseline therapy. Teriflunomide, the active metabolite of the rheumatoid arthritis medication leflunomide, targets the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, thus inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes by depletion of pyrimidines. Here we will review the mechanisms of action, clinical trial data, as well as data about safety and tolerability of the compounds.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.