ArticleJournal of neuroimmunology2018
Circulating cytokine levels are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety among people with alcohol and drug use disorders.
Article in Journal of neuroimmunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interleukin-6 responses to acute stress are not altered in alcohol use disorder despite elevated baseline inflammation.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- A neuroimmune framework for understanding adolescent stress and risk of alcohol misuse.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Cytokine Networks in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Narrative Review Highlighting Research Gaps and Future Priorities.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The missing link: TNF-α as a unifying mechanism in methamphetamine-induced neuronal dysfunction and blood-brain barrier compromise.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Review
- Does Music Experience Impact the Vascular Endothelial Response to Singing?Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Elevations in interleukin-8 levels in individuals with alcohol use disorder and clinical insomnia symptoms.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Cytokine profile in first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients with or without anxiety.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Neurological impact of HIV/AIDS and substance use alters brain function and structure.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- The impact of psychostimulants on central and peripheral neuro-immune regulation: a scoping review of cytokine profiles and their implications for addiction.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Neuroinflammation and neuroprogression in depression: Effects of alternative drug treatments.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Review
- Early life adversity drives sex-specific anhedonia and meningeal immune gene expression through mast cell activation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Article
- Role of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor in Alcohol Use Disorders: From Animal to Human Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Combining S100B and Cytokines as Neuro-Inflammatory Biomarkers for Diagnosing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept Study Based on Machine Learning.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Exploring the Links between Personality and Immune Function.Personality and individual differences · 2022Article
- Psychoneuroimmunology: The new frontier in suicide research.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Sex differences in circulating inflammatory mediators as a function of substance use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Health Disparities in COVID-19: Addressing the Role of Social Determinants of Health in Immune System Dysfunction to Turn the Tide.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Inflammation as the Potential Basis in Depression.International neurourology journal · 2019Article
- Increased IL-6 expression in astrocytes is associated with emotionality, alterations in central amygdala GABAergic transmission, and excitability during alcohol withdrawal.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2019Article
- GABAPsychopharmacology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPsychological distress is common among people with a substance abuse disorder in treatment. Identifying correlates of psychological distress may serve as points of intervention to improve substance abuse treatment outcomes. Immune function measured as cytokine levels have been associated with psychological distress, but this association remains unexplored among people with a substance abuse disorder in treatment. This study aimed to examine whether cytokine levels in patients treated for a substance use disorder were related to depression, anxiety, and overall psychological distress, and to observe these associations separately among people with a past year alcohol use disorder and those with a past year drug use disorder.
methodsWe collected cross-sectional data from 80 inpatients at five alcohol and substance abuse treatment centers in Norway. We determined alcohol and drug diagnoses, and assessed symptoms of depression, anxiety, and overall psychological distress. We tested blood samples for IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-10. We used multivariate linear regressions to examine the associations between cytokine levels and psychological distress measures.
resultsAll cytokines were significantly and positively associated with depression score. INF-γ was significantly and negatively associated with anxiety, and IL-6 was significantly and positively associated psychological distress. Among people with only an alcohol use disorder, IL-6 was positively associated with depression and psychological distress scores, and IL-10 was negatively associated with anxiety score. Among people with only a drug use disorder, TNF-α was positively associated with depression score.
conclusionThe relationship between immune function and psychological distress is robust in the context of substance abuse, and further research is warranted.
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