ArticleBMC public health2018
Progress towards the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals by age and gender in a rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a household-based community cross-sectional survey.
Article in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV care cascade of adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- Men missing from the HIV care continuum in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis and meta-synthesis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Pooled it
- Population sizes, HIV prevalence, and HIV prevention among men who paid for sex in sub-Saharan Africa (2000-2020): A meta-analysis of 87 population-based surveys.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Feasibility and Acceptability of Barbershop-Based HIV Prevention Among Heterosexual Men in Kalangala Islands, Uganda: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Trial (HPTN 111).JMIR research protocols · 2026Trial
- "It's already in your body and it's preventing": a qualitative study of African female adolescent's acceptability and preferences for proxy HIV prevention methods in Cape Town, South Africa.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Impact of Male Partner Involvement on Women's Adherence to the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring During a Phase III HIV Prevention Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2020Trial
- Structural associations between health insurance and mental well-being among people living with HIV: a multi-method analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2026Observational
- Multilevel Factors Influencing Linkage to HIV Care in a High HIV Prevalence District in South Africa: A Mixed Methods Approach.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Evaluating the biomedical and behavioral drivers of HIV incidence decline in adolescent girls and young women in Uganda: A mathematical modeling study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Metrics of Mobility by Sex are Associated with HIV Incidence in Rural Kenya and Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Impact of increasing CD4 count threshold eligibility for antiretroviral therapy initiation on advanced HIV disease and tuberculosis prevalence and incidence in South Africa: an interrupted time series analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Achieving the fast track 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 targets in sub-Saharan Africa: A rapid review.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Review
- Article
- Linkage to HIV care and early retention in HIV care among men in the 'universal test-and-treat' era in a high HIV-burdened district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.BMC health services research · 2024Observational
- Physical activity and survival in chronic comorbidity among adult HIV patients in Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Trends in HIV prevalence, incidence, and progress towards the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets in Malawi among individuals aged 15-64 years: population-based HIV impact assessments, 2015-16 and 2020-21.The lancet. HIV · 2023Article
- Evidence of HIV incidence reduction in young women, but not in adolescent girls, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.IJID regions · 2023Article
- HIV Related Behaviors Among Male Partners of Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Rural South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Built Environment and HIV Linkage to Care in Rural South Africa.Community health equity research & policy · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has developed an ambitious strategy to end the AIDS epidemic. After eight years of antiretroviral therapy (ART) program we assessed progress towards the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets in Mbongolwane and Eshowe, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional household-based community survey using a two-stage stratified cluster probability sampling strategy. Persons aged 15-59 years were eligible. We used face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaires to collect information on history of HIV testing and care. Rapid HIV testing was performed on site and venous blood specimens collected from HIV-positive participants for antiretroviral drug presence test, CD4 count and viral load. At the time of the survey the CD4 threshold for ART initiation was 350 cells/μL. We calculated progression towards the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets by estimating three proportions: HIV positive individuals who knew their status (first 90), those diagnosed who were on ART (second 90), and those on ART who were virally suppressed (third 90).
resultsWe included 5649/6688 (84.5%) individuals. Median age was 26 years (IQR: 19-40), 62.3% were women. HIV prevalence was 25.2% (95% CI: 23.6-26.9): 30.9% (95% CI: 29.0-32.9) in women; 15.9% (95% CI: 14.0-18.0) in men. Overall progress towards the 90-90-90 targets was as follows: 76.4% (95% CI: 74.1-78.6) knew their status, 69.9% (95% CI: 67.0-72.7) of those who knew their status were on ART and 93.1% (95% CI: 91.0-94.8) of those on ART were virally suppressed. By sex, progress towards the 90-90-90 targets was: 79%-71%-93% among women; and 68%-68%-92% among men (p-values of women and men comparisons were < 0.001, 0.443 and 0.584 respectively). By age, progress was: 83%-75%-95% among individuals aged 30-59 years and 64%-58%-89% among those aged 15-29 years (p-values of age groups comparisons were < 0.001, < 0.001 and 0.011 respectively).
conclusionsIn this context of high HIV prevalence, significant progress has been achieved with regards to reaching the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. The third 90, viral suppression in people on ART, was achieved among women and men. However, gaps persist in HIV diagnosis and ART coverage particularly in men and individuals younger than 30 years. Achieving 90-90-90 is feasible but requires additional investment to reach youth and men.
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