ArticleNeurogastroenterology and motility2018
Normal values for assessment of anal sphincter morphology, anorectal motion, and pelvic organ prolapse with MRI in healthy women.
Article in Neurogastroenterology and motility, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Italian Unitary Society of Colon-Proctology (SIUCP: Società Italiana Unitaria di Colonproctologia) guidelines for the management of obstructed and ineffective defecation syndrome.Annals of coloproctology · 2026Guideline
- Global Prevalence of Fecal Incontinence in Community-Dwelling Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical Trial: Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Anal Insert Device for Treatment of Faecal Incontinence.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Trial
- Novel Fecobionics Defecatory Function Testing.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2019Trial
- Effects of Alfuzosin, an αClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2019Trial
- Functional and Anatomical Significance of Patulous Anus.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Thickening of the internal anal sphincter: correlation with external rectal intussusception and associated features at MR proctography and anal manometry.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- A clinical prediction nomogram for hemorrhoid risk in health screening populations in Beijing, China: a retrospective cohort study of 35,256 adults.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Obesity Is Independently Associated With Increased Risk of Fecal Incontinence and Altered Rectal Sensitivity.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Inadequate Propulsion and Pelvic Floor Relaxation in Dyssynergic Defecation: Insights From Synchronous Proctomanometry.Gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Weight-adjusted-waist index is positively associated with fecal incontinence: a cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Hemoglobin A1c and Fecal Incontinence in a Nationwide Cohort Study.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Article
- Centrally Distributed Adiposity as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Fecal Incontinence: United States Population-based Analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Article
- Consistency of Feces Affects Defecatory Function.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2024Article
- Physiology of lower gastrointestinal tract.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Examination of the Anorectal Angle and Pubococcygeal Line in Adults with Anal Disorders and Defecation Irregularities Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2024Article
- Fecobionics in proctology: review and perspectives.Surgery open digestive advance · 2023Article
- [Imaging of the pelvic floor (MR defecography) : The surgeon's perspective].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Recto-anal Pressures in Constipated Men and Women Undergoing High-Resolution Anorectal Manometry.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrigendum.2018
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEndoanal MRI and MR defecography are used to identify anal sphincter injury and disordered defecation. However, few studies have evaluated findings in asymptomatic healthy people. The effects of BMI and parity on rectoanal motion and evacuation are unknown.
methodsIn 113 asymptomatic females (age 50 ± 17 years, Mean ± SD) without risk factors for anorectal trauma, anal sphincter appearance, anorectal motion, and pelvic organ prolapse were evaluated with MRI. The relationship between age, BMI, and parity and structural findings were evaluated with parametric and non-parametric tests.
resultsThe anal sphincters and puborectalis appeared normal in over 90% of women. During dynamic MRI, the anorectal angle was 100 ± 1º (Mean ± SEM) at rest, 70 ± 2° at squeeze, and 120 ± 2° during defecation. The change in anorectal angle during squeeze (r = -.25, P < .005), but not during evacuation (r = .13, P = .25) was associated with age. In the multivariable models, BMI (P < .01) and parity (P < .01) were, respectively, independently associated with the intersubject variation in the anorectal angle at rest and the angle change during squeeze. Ten percent or fewer women had had descent of the bladder base or uterus 4 cm or more below the pubococcygeal line or a rectocele measuring 4 cm or larger. Only 5% had a patulous anal canal.
conclusionsIn addition to age, BMI and parity also affect anorectal motion in asymptomatic women. These findings provide age-adjusted normal values for rectoanal anatomy and pelvic floor motion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.