ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2018
Gender Differences During Toddlerhood in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Community-Based Longitudinal Follow-Up Study.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender Identity and Gender Dysphoria in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Pooled it
- Restricted and repetitive behavior in children with autism during the first three years of life: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Empathy Impairment in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Conditions From a Multidimensional Perspective: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Pooled it
- Camouflaging and autism: Conceptualisation and methodological issues.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Review
- A multi-method phenotypic study of sex differences in pragmatic language in autism.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Distinct and shared intrinsic resting-state functional networks in children with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder and fragile X syndrome.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Trajectory of Irritability in Autistic and Typically Developing Youth From Early Childhood to Adolescence.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Social Communication, Repetitive Behaviors and Interests, and Adaptive Behavior in Girls With Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Disability.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Large-scale examination of early-age sex differences in neurotypical toddlers and those with autism spectrum disorder or other developmental conditions.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- The Use of Griffiths III in the Appraisal of the Developmental Profile in Autism: A Systematic Search and Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- [Neurodevelopment and cerebral blood flow in children aged 2-6 years with autism spectrum disorder].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Article
- Male and Female Toddlers with DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder have Similar Developmental Profiles and Core Autism Symptoms.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Sex differences in early autism screening using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F).Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
- Behavioral gender differences across Pre-School Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a cross-sectional study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
- Sex Differences on the ADOS-2.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in the Developmental Trajectories of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Current developmental disorders reports · 2023Article
- Structural and Pragmatic Language Impairments in Children Evaluated for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
- Investigating autism knowledge, self-efficacy, and confidence following maternal and child health nurse training for the early identification of autism.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders Measured by the Qualitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in a Large Sample of Polish Toddlers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Identifying Subgroups of Toddlers with DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Core Symptoms.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Relatively few studies have examined gender differences in infants and toddlers, and most focus on clinically referred samples or high-risk infant cohorts. The current study aimed to examine gender differences in early autism manifestations and cognitive development in a community-ascertained sample. In total, 46 males and 21 females with ASD were seen at approximately 24 and 48 months of age. No significant gender differences were observed on overall cognitive ability, verbal skills, non-verbal skills, overall autism severity, or restricted repetitive behaviours. However, females were found to exhibit more social communication impairments than males. These findings may indicate that female toddlers with less severe or different, social communication impairments may be more likely to be missed during routine surveillance during toddlerhood.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.