ArticleScientific reports2018
Human milk oligosaccharides protect against the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD-mice.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diet, gut microbiome, and type 1 diabetes: from risk to translational opportunity.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Early-Life Gut Microbiota: Education of the Immune System and Links to Autoimmune Diseases.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus and gut microbiota: from microbiome characteristics to prevention and treatment strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in the science of human milk oligosaccharides.BBA advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Human milk oligosaccharides: bridging the gap in intestinal microbiota between mothers and infants.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Interactions of human milk oligosaccharides with the immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Emerging role of gut microbiota in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Importance of human milk for infants in the clinical setting: Updates and mechanistic links.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2023Review
- Biological Relevance of Goat Milk Oligosaccharides to Infant Health.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2023Review
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Maternal Serum Respond to Oral Glucose Load and Are Associated with Insulin Sensitivity.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding-Related Health Benefits in Children and Mothers: Vital Organs Perspective.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Mechanistic Insights into Immune-Microbiota Interactions and Preventive Role of Probiotics Against Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2023Review
- Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 4.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Changes in the Global Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes in an Evolving Landscape of Environmental Factors: Causes, Challenges, and Opportunities.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Short-Term Effects of Human versus Bovine Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharide Microinjection on Zebrafish Larvae Survival, Locomotor Behavior and Gene Expression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose Modulates Local Viral Immune Defense by Supporting the Regulatory Functions of Intestinal Epithelial and Immune Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
- Analysing the protection from respiratory tract infections and allergic diseases early in life by human milk components: the PRIMA birth cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- Microbial regulation of offspring diseases mediated by maternal-associated microbial metabolites.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Development of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is influenced by non-genetic factors, such as optimal microbiome development during early life that "programs" the immune system. Exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding is an independent protective factor against the development of T1D, likely via bioactive components. Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS) are microbiota modulators, known to regulate immune responses directly. Here we show that early life provision (only for a period of six weeks) of 1% authentic HMOS (consisting of both long-chain, as well as short-chain structures), delayed and suppressed T1D development in non-obese diabetic mice and reduced development of severe pancreatic insulitis in later life. These protective effects were associated with i) beneficial alterations in fecal microbiota composition, ii) anti-inflammatory microbiota-generating metabolite (i.e. short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)) changes in fecal, as well as cecum content, and iii) induction of anti-diabetogenic cytokine profiles. Moreover, in vitro HMOS combined with SCFAs induced development of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs), priming of functional regulatory T cells, which support the protective effects detected in vivo. In conclusion, HMOS present in human milk are therefore thought to be vital in the protection of children at risk for T1D, supporting immune and gut microbiota development in early life.
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