Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29495649›Full record

ArticleVeterinary sciences2018

Application and Comparative Evaluation of Fluorescent Antibody, Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for the Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen or Nucleic Acid in Brain Samples of Animals Suspected of Rabies in India.

K Nithin Prabhu, Shrikrishna Isloor, B Hanchinal Veeresh, Doddamane Rathnamma, R Sharada, Lekshmi J Das, M L Satyanarayana, Nagendra R Hegde, Sira Abdul Rahman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Arctic-like lineage of rabies virus detected in Indian wild fox: a case study.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

K Nithin PrabhuCommonwealth Veterinary Association-Crucell Rabies Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Veterinary College-Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, India. nithinprabhuk@yahoo.com.
Shrikrishna IsloorCommonwealth Veterinary Association-Crucell Rabies Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Veterinary College-Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, India. kisloor@gmail.com.
B Hanchinal VeereshDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary College-Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, India. veereshhanchinal@gmail.com.
Doddamane RathnammaDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary College-Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, India. doddamanerathnamma@yahoo.co.in.
R SharadaDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary College-Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, India. sharadadr@yahoo.co.in.
Lekshmi J DasDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary College-Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, India. lekshmijdas10@gmail.com.
M L SatyanarayanaDepartment of Pathology, Veterinary College-Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, India. mlspathology@yahoo.com.
Nagendra R HegdeNational Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, India. hegde@niab.org.in.
Sira Abdul RahmanCommonwealth Veterinary Association, Jayanagar, Bengaluru 560011, India. shireencva@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Accurate and early diagnosis of animal rabies is critical for undertaking public health measures. Whereas the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) technique is the recommended test, the more convenient, direct rapid immunochemistry test (dRIT), as well as the more sensitive, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), have recently been employed for the laboratory diagnosis of rabies. We compared the three methods on brain samples from domestic (dog, cat, cattle, buffalo, horse, pig and goat) and wild (leopard, wolf and jackal) animals from various parts of India. Of the 257 samples tested, 167 were positive by all the three tests; in addition, 35 of the 36 decomposed samples were positive by RT-PCR. This is the first study in which such large number of animal samples have been subjected to the three tests simultaneously. The results confirm 100% corroboration between DFA and dRIT, buttress the applicability of dRIT in the simple and rapid diagnosis of rabies in animals, and reaffirm the suitability of RT-PCR for samples unfit for testing either by DFA or dRIT.

Indexed as

direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)direct rapid immunochemistry test (dRIT)Indiarabiesreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Identifiers

PMID29495649
PMCPMC5876580

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.