ArticleNutrients2018
MS Sunshine Study: Sun Exposure But Not Vitamin D Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Risk in Blacks and Hispanics.
Article in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Vitamin D Deficiency Affect the Immunogenic Responses to Influenza Vaccination? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- Genetic Risk in Multiple Sclerosis: Susceptibility, Modifiers and Unresolved Questions.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Toward a global research agenda for preventing multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Comparative disease burden and trends of autoimmune diseases in China and G20 countries: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2023.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Lifestyle Factors Affecting Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility and Disease Progression.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Embodiment of structural racism and multiple sclerosis risk and outcomes in the USA.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- The association of rs7041 polymorphism with infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Search for Disease-Specific Genetic Markers Originated from the Vitamin D Binding Protein Gene Polymorphisms in the Multiple Sclerosis Cohort in the Latvian Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Seasonal variation in sunlight exposure is differently associated with changes in T regulatory and T-helper 17 cell blood counts in adolescent and adults females: a pilot study.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin in foxes (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Multiple Sclerosis, Rituximab, Hypogammaglobulinemia, and Risk of Infections.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Multiple Sclerosis, Disease-Modifying Therapies, and Infections.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Social determinants of health and disparate disability accumulation in a cohort of Black, Hispanic, and White patients with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Article
- High-dose vitamin DEClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Analysis of Rituximab Use, Time Between Rituximab and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination, and COVID-19 Hospitalization or Death in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Is there a window of opportunity for the therapeutic use of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis?Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Review
- Article
- rs7041 and rs4588 Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Binding Protein Gene (VDBP) and the Risk of Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels vary by race/ethnicity. We examined the consistency of beneficial effects of 25OHD and/or sun exposure for MS risk across multiple racial/ethnic groups. We recruited incident MS cases and controls (blacks 116 cases/131 controls; Hispanics 183/197; whites 247/267) from the membership of Kaiser Permanente Southern California into the MS Sunshine Study to simultaneously examine sun exposure and 25OHD, accounting for genetic ancestry and other factors. Higher lifetime ultraviolet radiation exposure (a rigorous measure of sun exposure) was associated with a lower risk of MS independent of serum 25OHD levels in blacks (adjusted OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.31-0.83;
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.