ArticleNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2018
Effects of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on the Immune System Biomarkers Produced by RAW 264.7 and Human Whole Blood Cell Cultures.
Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Graphene-Based Nanosystem for Targeted Delivery of Anti-Sense miRNA-21 on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Novel Synergistic Carvacrol-Graphene Oxide-Chitosan Nanocomposite for Effective Root Canal Disinfection.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Impact of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite on Cellular Viability and Proliferation.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Graphene Oxide (GO)-Based Bioink with Enhanced 3D Printability and Mechanical Properties for Tissue Engineering Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Liquiritin and Other Phenolics fromJournal of functional biomaterials · 2024Article
- Graphene oxide accelerates TGFβ-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stimulates pro-inflammatory immune response in amniotic epithelial cells.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Nano-Enabled Antivirals for Overcoming Antibody Escaped Mutations Based SARS-CoV-2 Waves.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Silver Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide Complex as an Anti-Inflammatory Biocompatible Liquid Nano-Dressing for Skin Infected withJournal of inflammation research · 2023Article
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- Nanoparticle Effects on Stress Response Pathways and Nanoparticle-Protein Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
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- Application of nano-graphene oxide as nontoxic disinfectant against alpha and betacoronaviruses.Veterinary medicine and science · 2021Article
- Use of nanotechnology in combating coronavirus.3 Biotech · 2021Review
- Nanotechnology-based antiviral therapeutics.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Applications in Bioimaging, Biosensing, and Therapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Review
- A porous reduced graphene oxide/chitosan-based nanocarrier as a delivery system of doxorubicin.RSC advances · 2019Article
- Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Differential Immunomodulatory Effect of Graphene Oxide and Vanillin-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line (THP-1).International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their many applications. These applications include batteries, super capacitors, drug delivery and biosensing. However, few studies have investigated the effects of these nanoparticles on the immune system. In this study, the in vitro effects of GONPs on the immune system was evaluated by exposing murine macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells and human whole blood cell cultures (to GONPs. The effects of GONPs on RAW cells were monitored under basal conditions. The whole blood cell cultures were exposed to GONPs in the presence or absence of the mitogens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohaemmagglutinin (PHA). A number of parameters were monitored for both RAW and whole blood cell cultures, these included cytotoxicity, inflammatory biomarkers, cytokines of the acquired immune system and a proteome profile analysis. The GONPs were cytotoxic to both RAW and whole blood cell cultures at 500 μg/mL. In the absence of LPS, GONPs elicited an inflammatory response from the murine macrophage, RAW and whole blood cell cultures at 15.6 and 5 μg/mL respectively. This activation was further corroborated by proteome profile analysis of both experimental cultures. GONPs inhibited LPS induced interleukin 6 (IL-6) synthesis and PHA induced interferon gamma (IFNγ) synthesis by whole blood cell cultures in a dose dependent manner. In the absence of mitogens, GONPs stimulated IL-10 synthesis by whole blood cell cultures. The current study shows that GONPs modulate immune system biomarkers and that these may pose a health risk to individuals exposed to this type of nanoparticle.
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