Trial reportInfection control and hospital epidemiology2018
Differential Effects of Chlorhexidine Skin Cleansing Methods on Residual Chlorhexidine Skin Concentrations and Bacterial Recovery.
Trial report in Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impact of chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Evaluation of microbiological efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate cloths versus 4% chlorhexidine gluconate soap for preoperative preparation/shower in total joint arthroplasty: a single-centre randomised controlled trial.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Trial
- Chlorhexidine versus routine bathing to prevent multidrug-resistant organisms and all-cause bloodstream infections in general medical and surgical units (ABATE Infection trial): a cluster-randomised trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Chlorhexidine gluconate bathing of adult patients in intensive care units in São Paulo, Brazil: Impact on the incidence of healthcare-associated infection.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesTrial
- Bridging borders: adapting the Orange County methicillin-resistantInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- Use of standardized nasal and skin decolonization to reduce rates of bacteremia in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Exploring facilitators and barriers to daily chlorhexidine gluconate bathing in adult patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Article
- Relationship between chlorhexidine gluconate concentration and microbial colonization of patients' skin.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2024Article
- Impact of measurement and feedback on chlorhexidine gluconate bathing among intensive care unit patients: A multicenter study.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2023Article
- Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2023Article
- Implementing daily chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing in VA settings: The human factors engineering to prevent resistant organisms (HERO) project.American journal of infection control · 2021Article
- Impact of preoperative chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) application methods on preoperative CHG skin concentration.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2021Article
- Estimated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Decolonization in Intensive Care Units Associated With Single-Application Chlorhexidine Gluconate or Mupirocin.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Assessing the Potential for Unintended Microbial Consequences of Routine Chlorhexidine Bathing for Prevention of Healthcare-associated Infections.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Review
- Clinical and Personal Lubricants Impact the Growth of Vaginal Lactobacillus Species and Colonization of Vaginal Epithelial Cells: An in Vitro Study.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2021Article
- 2CS-CHXApplied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
- What's new in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections using chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated washcloths.Intensive care medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bathing intensive care unit (ICU) patients with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-impregnated cloths decreases the risk of healthcare-associated bacteremia and multidrug-resistant organism transmission. Hospitals employ different methods of CHG bathing, and few studies have evaluated whether those methods yield comparable results. OBJECTIVE To determine whether 3 different CHG skin cleansing methods yield similar residual CHG concentrations and bacterial densities on skin. DESIGN Prospective, randomized 2-center study with blinded assessment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Healthcare personnel in surgical ICUs at 2 tertiary-care teaching hospitals in Chicago, Illinois, and Boston, Massachusetts, from July 2015 to January 2016. INTERVENTION Cleansing skin of one forearm with no-rinse 2% CHG-impregnated polyester cloth (method A) versus 4% CHG liquid cleansing with rinsing on the contralateral arm, applied with either non-antiseptic-impregnated cellulose/polyester cloth (method B) or cotton washcloth dampened with sterile water (method C). RESULTS In total, 63 participants (126 forearms) received method A on 1 forearm (n=63). On the contralateral forearm, 33 participants received method B and 30 participants received method C. Immediately and 6 hours after cleansing, method A yielded the highest residual CHG concentrations (2500 µg/mL and 1250 µg/mL, respectively) and lowest bacterial densities compared to methods B or C (P<.001). CONCLUSION In healthy volunteers, cleansing with 2% CHG-impregnated cloths yielded higher residual CHG concentrations and lower bacterial densities than cleansing with 4% CHG liquid applied with either of 2 different cloth types and followed by rinsing. The relevance of these differences to clinical outcomes remains to be determined. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:405-411.
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