ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2018
Corneal Nerve Fractal Dimension: A Novel Corneal Nerve Metric for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Pooled it
- CornealFrontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Redefining distal symmetrical polyneuropathy features in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review.Acta diabetologica · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison of intraepidermal nerve fiber density and confocal corneal microscopy for neuropathy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Trial
- SuperCCM: An Open Source Python Toolkit for Automated Quantification of Corneal Nerve Fibers in Confocal Microscopy Images.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Methods for the evaluation of corneal nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus by in vivo confocal microscopy: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms and Ocular Surface Lesions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dry Eye: A Clinical Correlational Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 Small Fiber Neuropathy as a New Emerging Quality of Life-Threatening Disease: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Ethnic and sex differences in corneal nerves and corneal epithelial cells in healthy population.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Changes in bilateral tear film and corneal nerve stability in patients with unilateral neurotrophic keratitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies and Differentiates Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Structural and functional changes of binocular corneal innervation and ocular surface function after unilateral SMILE and tPRK.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Segmentation and multiparametric evaluation of corneal whorl-like nerves for in vivo confocal microscopy images in dry eye disease.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Microvascular Complications in Kidney Recipients With Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Corneal subbasal nerve plexus reinnervation and stromal cell morphology with different cap thicknesses in small incision lenticule extraction.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2024Article
- Artificial-Intelligence-Enhanced Analysis of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Corneal Diseases: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Diabetic Keratopathy: Redox Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Prospects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Morphology and Fractal-Based Classifications of Neurons and Microglia in Two and Three Dimensions.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Fully Automatic, Semiautomatic, and Manual Corneal Nerve Fiber Analysis in Patients With Sarcoidosis.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), an in vivo ophthalmic imaging modality, is a noninvasive and objective imaging biomarker for identifying small nerve fiber damage. We have evaluated the diagnostic performance of previously established CCM parameters to a novel automated measure of corneal nerve complexity called the corneal nerve fiber fractal dimension (ACNFrD). Methods: A total of 176 subjects (84 controls and 92 patients with type 1 diabetes) with and without diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) underwent CCM. Fractal dimension analysis was performed on CCM images using purpose-built corneal nerve analysis software, and compared with previously established manual and automated corneal nerve fiber measurements. Results: Manual and automated subbasal corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (P < 0.0001), length (CNFL) (P < 0.0001), branch density (CNBD) (P < 0.05), and ACNFrD (P < 0.0001) were significantly reduced in patients with DSPN compared to patients without DSPN. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for identifying DSPN were comparable: 0.77 for automated CNFD, 0.74 for automated CNFL, 0.69 for automated CNBD, and 0.74 for automated ACNFrD. Conclusions: ACNFrD shows comparable diagnostic efficiency to identify diabetic patients with and without DSPN.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.