Trial reportPloS one2018
Regional cerebral effects of ketone body infusion with 3-hydroxybutyrate in humans: Reduced glucose uptake, unchanged oxygen consumption and increased blood flow by positron emission tomography. A randomized, controlled trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06588946 (The Effect of Exogenous Β-OHB Supplementation on Cerebral Blood Flow and Functional Brain Characteristics in Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline), which is not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Exogenous Β-OHB Supplementation on Cerebral Blood Flow and Functional Brain Characteristics in Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of exogenous ketone bodies on cognition across health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-regression of exogenous ketone infusion rates and resulting ketosis-A tool for clinicians and researchers.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Intravenous β-Hydroxybutyrate Use in Humans - A Promising Future Therapy?Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Ketone monoester ingestion and cognitive and physical performance during exercise-heat stress.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- A novel glucose beta-hydroxybutyrate combination improves hypoglycaemia recovery and patient-reported outcomes in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Acute ketone monoester ingestion lowers resting cerebral blood flow: a randomized cross-over trial.The Journal of physiology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Influence of exogenous ketosis on spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex gain and blood pressure responses to isometric handgrip in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a placebo-controlled pilot study.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Exploratory functional and quality of life outcomes with daily consumption of the ketone ester bis-octanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol in healthy older adults: a randomized, parallel arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Ketone Ester Supplementation on Cognition and Appetite in Individuals with and Without Metabolic syndrome: A Randomized Trial.Journal of dietary supplements · 2025Trial
- Cardiovascular Effects of Oral Ketone Ester Treatment in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial.Circulation · 2024Trial
- Investigating effects of sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate on metabolism in placebo-controlled, bilaterally infused human leg with focus on skeletal muscle protein dynamics.Physiological reports · 2022Trial
- Trial
- An fMRI Investigation into the Effects of Ketogenic Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Cognitive Function in Elderly Adults: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- A ketone monoester drink reduces the glycemic response to an oral glucose challenge in individuals with obesity: a randomized trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- Computational Modeling of Neurotransmitter Cycling Predicts Human Brain Glutamate and GABA Dynamics in Response to Acute Administration of Exogenous Ketones.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- The ketogenic diet in Parkinson's disease: a potential therapeutic strategy.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: An Emerging Therapeutic Approach for Ischemic Stroke Management.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- Acute and Intermittent Exogenous Ketosis to Support Recovery From Exercise and Adaptations to Exercise Training: A Narrative Review.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ketone bodies are neuroprotective in neurological disorders such as epilepsy. We randomly studied nine healthy human subjects twice-with and without continuous infusion of 3-hydroxybutyrate-to define potential underlying mechanisms, assessed regionally (parietal, occipital, temporal, cortical grey, and frontal) by PET scan. During 3-hydroxybutyrate infusions concentrations increased to 5.5±0.4 mmol/l and cerebral glucose utilisation decreased 14%, oxygen consumption remained unchanged, and cerebral blood flow increased 30%. We conclude that acute 3-hydroxybutyrate infusion reduces cerebral glucose uptake and increases cerebral blood flow in all measured brain regions, without detectable effects on cerebral oxygen uptake though oxygen extraction decreased. Increased oxygen supply concomitant with unchanged oxygen utilisation may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of ketone bodies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.