ArticleDiabetes2018
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Protects Photoreceptor Function in Type 1 Diabetic Mice.
Article in Diabetes, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship of fibroblast growth factor 21, Klotho, and diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Diabetes and Associated Complications: When Metabolic Dysregulation Meets Cell Death.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Lipid homeostasis plays a critical role in inherited and acquired retinal diseases.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Exerkines in diabetic retinopathy: from mechanisms to therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Fenofibrate in ophthalmology: therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026Review
- Nutrient supplementation mitigates retinal dysfunction in Acox1 knockout mice with impaired peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Hepatocyte Piezo1 regulates glycogen metabolism via the FGF21-STAT3 pathway.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- FGF21 ameliorates septic liver injury by restraining proinflammatory macrophages activation through the autophagy/HIF-1α axis.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Article
- Photoreceptor metabolic window unveils eye-body interactions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Retinopathy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- The Role of HIF-1α in Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Review of Current Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Circulating serum fibroblast growth factor 21 as risk and prognostic biomarker of retinal artery occlusion.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist Dextromethorphan Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Preserves Pancreatic Islets in NOD Mice.Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme · 2024Article
- FGF21 via mitochondrial lipid oxidation promotes physiological vascularization in a mouse model of Phase I ROP.Angiogenesis · 2023Article
- Potential Protective Function of Adiponectin in Diabetic Retinopathy.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Review
- Substance P Alleviates Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction Caused by High Glucose-Induced Stress.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Neuroprotective Agents in the Treatment of Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Ferroptosis: new insight into the mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Targeting FGF21 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: from mechanism to medicine.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retinal neuronal abnormalities occur before vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that neurons control vascular pathology in diabetic and other neovascular retinal diseases. Therefore, normalizing neuronal activity in diabetes may prevent vascular pathology. We investigated whether fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) prevented retinal neuronal dysfunction in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. We found that in diabetic neural retina, photoreceptor rather than inner retinal function was most affected and administration of the long-acting FGF21 analog PF-05231023 restored the retinal neuronal functional deficits detected by electroretinography. PF-05231023 administration protected against diabetes-induced disorganization of photoreceptor segments seen in retinal cross section with immunohistochemistry and attenuated the reduction in the thickness of photoreceptor segments measured by optical coherence tomography. PF-05231023, independent of its downstream metabolic modulator adiponectin, reduced inflammatory marker interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA levels. PF-05231023 activated the AKT-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway and reduced IL-1β expression in stressed photoreceptors. PF-05231023 administration did not change retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of early diabetic retinopathy by protecting photoreceptor function in diabetes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.