Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29486862›Full record

ReviewBiological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging2018

Neuroimaging Mechanisms of Therapeutic Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder.

Noah S Philip, Jennifer Barredo, Emily Aiken, Linda L Carpenter

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  14. Small Lesions, Distributed Effects: Interpreting Neuroimaging After Focused Ultrasound Capsulotomy.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026
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6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Noah S PhilipCenter for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; Mood Disorders Research Program and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. Electronic address: noah_philip@brown.edu.
Jennifer BarredoCenter for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Emily AikenCenter for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.
Linda L CarpenterMood Disorders Research Program and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.

Funding

Pilot Testing of Theta-Burst Neuromodulation for Chronic PTSDI21RX002032 · VA · PROVIDENCE VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI PHILIP, NOAH STEPHEN · 2016 to 2018
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PTSD and the Default Network: Developing Imaging PhenotypesIK2CX000724 · VA · PROVIDENCE VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI PHILIP, NOAH STEPHEN · 2013 to 2017
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CSRD VA IK2 CX000724RRD VA I21 RX002032
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research into therapeutic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for major depression has dramatically increased in the last decade. Understanding the mechanism of action of TMS is crucial to improve efficacy and develop the next generation of therapeutic stimulation. Early imaging research provided initial data supportive of widely held assumptions about hypothesized inhibitory or excitatory consequences of stimulation. Early work also indicated that while TMS modulated brain activity under the stimulation site, effects at deeper regions, in particular, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, were associated with clinical improvement. Concordant with earlier findings, functional connectivity studies also demonstrated that clinical improvements were related to changes distal, rather than proximal, to the site of stimulation. Moreover, recent work suggests that TMS modulates and potentially normalizes functional relationships between neural networks. An important observation that emerged from this review is that similar patterns of connectivity changes are observed across studies regardless of TMS parameters. Though promising, we stress that these imaging findings must be evaluated cautiously given the widespread reliance on modest sample sizes and little implementation of statistical validation. Additional limitations included use of imaging before and after a course of TMS, which provided little insight into changes that might occur during the weeks of stimulation. Furthermore, as studies to date have focused on depression, it is unclear whether our observations were related to mechanisms of action of TMS for depression or represented broader patterns of functional brain changes associated with clinical improvement.

Indexed as

BrainBrain MappingHumansMajor Depressive DisorderNeuroimagingTranscranial Magnetic StimulationDefault mode networkFunctional magnetic resonance imagingMajor depressive disorderMechanisms of actionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationResting-state functional connectivityTheta burst stimulation

Identifiers

PMID29486862
PMCPMC5856477

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.