ArticleCancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society2018
MRI features of combined hepatocellular- cholangiocarcinoma versus mass forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Article in Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Liver Transplantation in Malignancies: A Comprehensive and Systematic Review on Oncological Outcome.Visceral medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Imaging of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: from detection to personalized treatments.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
- Pictorial review of abdominopelvic diseases with elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
- MRI features and LI-RADS categorization of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a scoping review with prognostic implications.La Radiologia medica · 2026Article
- Surgical management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a narrative review of principles, technical nuances, and emerging strategies.Journal of liver cancer · 2026Review
- An Updated Review of Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarcinoma: A Rare and Poorly Understood Neoplasm.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Differentiating combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma from mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with MRI and tumor markers: a multi-center study.European radiology · 2026Article
- MRI features of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2025Review
- Imaged periductal infiltration: Diagnostic and prognostic role in intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma.European journal of radiology open · 2024Article
- Implications of ultrasound-based deep learning model for preoperatively differentiating combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2024Article
- A convenient scoring system to distinguish intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma from solitary colorectal liver metastasis based on magnetic resonance imaging features.European radiology · 2023Article
- The significance of the predominant component in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: MRI manifestation and prognostic value.La Radiologia medica · 2023Article
- Update on the Applications of Radiomics in Diagnosis, Staging, and Recurrence of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Targetoid Primary Liver Malignancy in Chronic Liver Disease: Prediction of Postoperative Survival Using Preoperative MRI Findings and Clinical Factors.Korean journal of radiology · 2023Article
- [Advances in imaging diagnosis of mixed-type liver cancer].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2023Review
- Quantitative Assessment of Hypovascular Component in Arterial Phase to Help the Discrimination of Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2023Article
- A Deep Learning Workflow for Mass-Forming Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classification Based on MRI.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan Clinical Practice Guidelines for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Liver cancer · 2022Article
- Imaging mimickers of cholangiocarcinoma: a pictorial review.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2022Review
- Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Review
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCombined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is a rare primary liver tumor, which has overlapping imaging features with mass forming intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies reported imaging features more closely resemble ICC and the aim of our study was to examine the differential MRI features of cHCC-CC and ICC with emphasis on enhancement pattern observations of gadolinium enhanced MRI.
methodsInstitutional review board approval with consent waiver was obtained for this retrospective bi-centric study. Thirty-three patients with pathologically proven cHCC-CC and thirty-eight patients with pathologically proven ICC, who had pre-operative MRI, were identified. MRI images were analyzed for tumor location and size, T1 and T2 signal characteristics, the presence/absence of: cirrhosis, intra-lesional fat, hemorrhage/hemosiderin, scar, capsular retraction, tumor thrombus, biliary dilatation, degree of arterial enhancement, enhancement pattern, pseudocapsule and washout. Associations between MRI features and tumor type were examined using the Fisher's exact and chi-square tests.
resultsStrong arterial phase enhancement and the presence of: washout, washout and progression, intra-lesional fat and hemorrhage were all strongly associated with cHCC-CC (P < 0.001). While cHCC-CC had a varied enhancement pattern, the two most common enhancement patterns were peripheral persistent (n = 6) and heterogeneous hyperenhancement with washout (n = 6), compared to ICC where the most common enhancement patterns were peripheral hypoenhancement with progression (n = 18) followed by heterogeneous hypoenhancement with progression (n = 14) (P < 0.001).
conclusionThe cHCC-CC enhancement pattern seems to more closely resemble HCC with the degree of arterial hyperenhancement and the presence of washout being valuable in differentiating cHCC-CC from ICC. However the presence of washout and progression, in the same lesion or a predominantly peripheral /rim hyperenhancing mass were also seen as important features that should alert the radiologist to the possibility of a cHCC-CC.
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