ArticleNeuroImage2018
Socioeconomic disparities in academic achievement: A multi-modal investigation of neural mechanisms in children and adolescents.
Article in NeuroImage, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dimensions of early life adversity and cardiometabolic health in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Pooled it
- Annual Research Review: Associations of socioeconomic status with cognitive function, language ability, and academic achievement in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms and protective factors.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Pooled it
- Socioeconomic status and child psychopathology in the United States: A meta-analysis of population-based studies.Clinical psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Scalp Event-Related Potentials: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Biological aging in childhood and adolescence following experiences of threat and deprivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Executive Functions and Academic Performance in Primary Education: Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of partial correlations between caregiver cognitive stimulation in early childhood and child development.Psychological bulletinPooled it
- Sleep and participation in extracurricular activities moderate associations between low SES and brain structure and functional connectivity.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic factors, error positivity, and performance monitoring in children.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Demographics change the relationships between socioeconomic status, white matter network organization, and cognition in children.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cognitive Resilience and Vulnerability to Socioeconomic Disadvantage: Predictors Across Individual, Family, School, and Neighborhood Contexts.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Associations between visual-motor integration, pencil grip patterns, and holistic academic performance among school children.PloS one · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive correlates of spatial thinking mediate the relation between socioeconomic status and STEM achievement.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The middle frontal gyrus as a neural mediator between family relationships and internet addiction among adolescents with internet gaming disorder: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Early Exposure to Deprivation or Threat Moderates Expected Associations Between Neural Structure and Age in Adolescent Girls.Child maltreatment · 2025Article
- Hidden dynamics of economic hardship: Characterizing economic unpredictability and its role on self-regulation in early childhood.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Associations among socioeconomic disadvantage, longitudinal changes in within-network connectivity, and academic outcomes in the ABCD study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- The influence of deprivation on cortical development and psychotic symptoms in youth.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Associations of neighborhood threat and deprivation with psychopathology: Uncovering neural mechanisms.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- The role of socioeconomic status in shaping associations between sensory association cortex and prefrontal structure and implications for executive function.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that childhood socioeconomic status (SES) influences neural development, which may contribute to the well-documented SES-related disparities in academic achievement. However, the particular aspects of SES that impact neural structure and function are not well understood. Here, we investigate associations of childhood SES and a potential mechanism-degree of cognitive stimulation in the home environment-with cortical structure, white matter microstructure, and neural function during a working memory (WM) task across development. Analyses included 53 youths (age 6-19 years). Higher SES as reflected in the income-to-needs ratio was associated with higher parent-reported achievement, WM performance, and cognitive stimulation in the home environment. Although SES was not significantly associated with cortical thickness, children raised in more cognitively stimulating environments had thicker cortex in the frontoparietal network and cognitive stimulation mediated the assocation between SES and cortical thickness in the frontoparietal network. Higher family SES was associated with white matter microstructure and neural activation in the frontoparietal network during a WM task, including greater fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right and left superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF), and greater BOLD activation in multiple regions of the prefrontal cortex during WM encoding and maintenance. Greater FA and activation in these regions was associated higher parent-reported achievement. Together, cognitive stimulation, WM performance, FA in the SLF, and prefrontal activation during WM encoding and maintenance significantly mediated the association between SES and parent-reported achievement. These findings highlight potential neural, cognitive, and environmental mechanisms linking SES with academic achievement and suggest that enhancing cognitive stimulation in the home environment might be one effective strategy for reducing SES-related disparities in academic outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.