Observational studyPharmacotherapy2018
Association of Protein Kinase B (AKT) DNA Hypermethylation with Maintenance Atypical Antipsychotic Treatment in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.
Observational study in Pharmacotherapy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antipsychotic Medications and DNA Methylation in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review.Pharmacotherapy · 2020Pooled it
- Epigenetic insights of olanzapine-induced insulin resistance.Epigenomics · 2025Article
- Metabolic Side Effects from Antipsychotic Treatment with Clozapine Linked to Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Alterations in Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling DNA Methylation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Olanzapine in Healthy Volunteers.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- DNA methylation may partly explain psychotropic drug-induced metabolic side effects: results from a prospective 1-month observational study.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Observational
- Molecular mechanisms of antipsychotics - their influence on intracellular signaling pathways, and epigenetic and post-transcription processes.Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · 2022Review
- Profiling the Skeletal Muscle Proteome in Patients on Atypical Antipsychotics and Mood Stabilizers.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Genetic and Metabolite Variability in One-Carbon Metabolism Applied to an Insulin Resistance Model in Patients With Schizophrenia Receiving Atypical Antipsychotics.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Drug Response-Related DNA Methylation Changes in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 gene polymorphisms are associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the Han Chinese population.Metabolic brain disease · 2020Article
- Skeletal muscle DNA methylation modifications and psychopharmacologic treatment in bipolar disorder.European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Dysregulation of Glucose Metabolism: Beyond Weight Gain.Cells · 2019Review
- Atypical Antipsychotics and the Human Skeletal Muscle Lipidome.Metabolites · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveAtypical antipsychotics cause insulin resistance that leads to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Skeletal muscle is the primary tissue for uptake of glucose, and its dysfunction is considered one of the primary defects in the development of insulin resistance. Protein kinase B (AKT) plays an important role in overall skeletal muscle health and glucose uptake into the muscle. The objective of this study was to measure AKT isoform-specific gene methylation differences in the skeletal muscle of patients with bipolar disorder treated with atypical antipsychotic or mood stabilizer maintenance therapy.
designCross-sectional observational study.
settingClinical research services center at an academic center. PATIENTS: Thirty patients with a confirmed diagnosis of bipolar disorder who were treated with either an atypical antipsychotic (16 patients) or mood stabilizer (14 patients) at a consistent dose for at least 3 months.
interventionsA fasting skeletal muscle biopsy was performed in the vastus lateralis in each patient. Patients also underwent fasting blood sample collection and a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsSkeletal muscle DNA methylation near the promoter region for three genes, AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3, was measured by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting. Gene methylation was analyzed based on atypical antipsychotic versus mood stabilizer maintenance therapy. Associations between gene methylation, insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance were also analyzed. In patients treated with atypical antipsychotics, AKT1 and AKT2 methylation was increased compared with patients treated with mood stabilizers (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively). In addition, for patients receiving atypical antipsychotics, a positive trend for AKT2 hypermethylation with increasing insulin resistance was observed, whereas for patients receiving mood stabilizers, a trend for decreased AKT2 methylation with increasing insulin resistance was observed.
conclusionOverall, our findings suggest that the AKT gene is differentially methylated in the skeletal muscle of patients taking atypical antipsychotics or mood stabilizer maintenance therapy. These results may direct future approaches to reduce the harmful adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic treatment.
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