SynthesisClinical child and family psychology review2018
Is Clinical Anxiety a Risk or a Protective Factor for Executive Functioning in Youth with ADHD? A Meta-regression Analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical child and family psychology review, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabis Use in Adults Who Screen Positive for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: CANreduce 2.0 Randomized Controlled Trial Subgroup Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
- A qualitative investigation of the lived experiences of adults with anxiety and related disorders and ADHD: Interconnectedness of symptoms and implications for improving care.The British journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
- Important Mechanisms in the Development of Anxiety in Children with ADHD: The Role of Associated Features of ADHD and Interpersonal Functioning.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Review
- Anxiety as a Moderator Between Autistic/ADHD Traits and Quality of Life in Autistic Children and Adolescents.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Characterizing Attention and Cognitive Control Profiles of Children With ADHD and Anxiety.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- ADHD Children Take More Time to Inhibit Automatic Responses: A Comparison with Anxiety Disorders Using NEPSY-II.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Methylphenidate or Family Mindfulness? Effects on Internalizing, Externalizing and Social Problems in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Associations between anxiety and working memory components in clinically evaluated children with and without ADHD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- A proof-of-concept study testing the factor structure of the Stop Signal Task: overlap with substance use and mental health symptoms.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2024Article
- Does Anxiety Systematically Bias Estimates of Executive Functioning Deficits in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Working memory and inhibitory control deficits in children with ADHD: an experimental evaluation of competing model predictions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Are There Resilient Children with ADHD?Journal of attention disorders · 2022Article
- Working memory and set-shifting in school-aged children classified as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2022Article
- The Three-year Outcome of Emotional Symptoms in Clinically Referred Youth with ADHD and their Relationship to Neuropsychological Functions.Scandinavian journal of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology · 2022Article
- Executive functions mediate the association between ADHD symptoms and anxiety in a clinical adolescent population.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Does Child Anxiety Exacerbate or Protect Against Parent-Child Relationship Difficulties in Children with Elevated ADHD Symptoms?Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment · 2022Article
- The Differential Effect of Anxiety and ADHD Symptoms on Inhibitory Control and Sustained Attention for Threat Stimuli: A Go/No-Go Eye-Movement Study.Journal of attention disorders · 2021Article
- Dynamic Functional Connectivity Reveals Abnormal Variability in the Amygdala Subregions of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Design Fluency in Children with ADHD and Comorbid Disorders.Brain sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Comorbidity rates between ADHD and anxiety disorders (AD) are high, but little is known about the nature of this co-occurrence. A dominant idea is that AD may intensify some (i.e., attention and working memory) and attenuate other (i.e., inhibition) ADHD symptoms. Results are mixed, potentially because of between-study differences. To investigate this further we performed a meta-regression analysis on 11 studies (n 'ADHD-only' = 695; n 'ADHD + AD' = 608), containing 35 effect sizes on attention, inhibition and working memory. Main results were: (1) no evidence of a negative effect of AD on attention and working memory; (2) better response inhibition in children with ADHD with AD than those with only ADHD (medium ES g = - .40); (3) medication moderated this association: the effect seemed limited to studies that included medication-naïve participants; (4) the difference between the two groups increased with age for attention and with proportion of boys for working memory ability. There was no effect of comorbid disruptive behavior disorder. In conclusion, AD seems to be a protective factor for inhibition problems as assessed with laboratory tasks in ADHD, especially in children who are medication naïve. Further, AD may have a protective function for attention in older children, and for working memory in boys with ADHD. It is therefore important to screen for AD when diagnosing ADHD, and to educate those with comorbid AD about the possible positive function of feeling anxious. Potential negative effects of ADHD medication on inhibition in children with comorbid AD should be considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.