ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
A New Classification System for IgG4 Autoantibodies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of HLA class II associations in patients with IgG4 autoimmunity.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Association between anti-nephrin autoantibodies and disease activity in minimal change disease.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Optimization of the Cell-Based Assay Methodology to Study Degradation of Acetylcholine Receptors (Antigenic Modulation) by Antibodies From Myasthenia Gravis Patients.Muscle & nerve · 2026Article
- Human Antibody Isotypes, Subclasses, Allotypes and Fc Biology: Clinical Implications in Infectious Diseases, Autoimmunity, and Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- MuSK myasthenia gravis: from antigen-antibody to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- FcγR-ACE2 cooperative antibody-dependent enhancement in human and veterinary coronaviruses: mechanistic insights, comparative immunology, and implications for nano-engineered immunomodulatory platforms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- C3 Glomerulonephritis Associated With Unusual IgG4 Antifactor H in IgG4-related Disease.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis in presence of autoimmune coagulation factor XIII deficiency result in recurrent critical post-operative hemorrhage: a case report and molecular research with new insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Discovery of Autoimmune Nodopathies and the Impact of IgG4 Antibodies in Autoimmune Neurology.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- LGI1 encephalitis: potentially complement-activating anti-LGI1-IgG subclasses 1/2/3 are associated with the development of hippocampal sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- IgG4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD) with Unique Combined Generalized Skin Rashes and Biliary Tract Manifestation: A Comprehensive Immunological Analysis.Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- IgG4 autoantibodies and autoantigens in the context of IgG4-autoimmune disease and IgG4-related disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Spatial Transcriptomics Resolve an Emphysema-Specific Lymphoid Follicle B Cell Signature in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- The unique properties of IgG4 and its roles in health and disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- Systems serology in cystic fibrosis: Anti-Pseudomonas IgG1 responses and reduced lung function.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Growing Spectrum of Autoimmune Nodopathies.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2023Review
- Identification of risk factors for elevated serum IgG4 levels in subjects in a large-scale health checkup cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
IgG4 autoimmune diseases are characterized by the presence of antigen-specific autoantibodies of the IgG4 subclass and contain well-characterized diseases such as muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis, pemphigus, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In recent years, several new diseases were identified, and by now 14 antigens targeted by IgG4 autoantibodies have been described. The IgG4 subclass is considered immunologically inert and functionally monovalent due to structural differences compared to other IgG subclasses. IgG4 usually arises after chronic exposure to antigen and competes with other antibody species, thus "blocking" their pathogenic effector mechanisms. Accordingly, in the context of IgG4 autoimmunity, the pathogenicity of IgG4 is associated with blocking of enzymatic activity or protein-protein interactions of the target antigen. Pathogenicity of IgG4 autoantibodies has not yet been systematically analyzed in IgG4 autoimmune diseases. Here, we establish a modified classification system based on Witebsky's postulates to determine IgG4 pathogenicity in IgG4 autoimmune diseases, review characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of IgG4 in these disorders, and also investigate the contribution of other antibody entities to pathophysiology by additional mechanisms. As a result, three classes of IgG4 autoimmune diseases emerge: class I where IgG4 pathogenicity is validated by the use of subclass-specific autoantibodies in animal models and/or
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.