ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Exosomes in Pathogen Infections: A Bridge to Deliver Molecules and Link Functions.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Direct delivery of assay reagents to extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsies for biomarker analysis.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Association of Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected oral squamous cell carcinoma cell-secreted exosomal miR-3648-1-p5 with tumor progression.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles, Nutrient Balance, and Redox Metabolism During Epididymal Sperm Maturation: A Perspective on the Complexity of Intercellular Interplay.Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology · 2026Review
- Engineering Self-Assembled PEEK Scaffolds with Marine-Derived Exosomes and Bacteria-Targeting Aptamers for Enhanced Antibacterial Functions.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Role of Seminal Exosomes in Reproduction.Journal of cellular physiology · 2025Review
- Exosome-Based Drug Delivery: A Next-Generation Platform for Cancer, Infection, Neurological and Immunological Diseases, Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- The Role of microRNAs and Cell-Free DNAs in Fungal Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Identification of proteins in semen-derived extracellular vesicles that bind to Tat and NF-κB and that may impair HIV replication.Science signaling · 2025Article
- Bioinspired Nanoplatforms: Polydopamine and Exosomes for Targeted Antimicrobial Therapy.Polymers · 2025Review
- Diagnostic and prognostic roles of endothelial- and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Yersinia pestis Actively Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Vesicles by Human Neutrophils.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Vacuolating Cytotoxin A (VacA) and Extracellular Vesicles inIranian journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Exosomes: intriguing mediators of intercellular communication in the organism's response to noxious agents.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2024Review
- Article
- Same yet different - how lymph node heterogeneity affects immune responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Taenia solium cysticerci's extracellular vesicles Attenuate the AKT/mTORC1 pathway for Alleviating DSS-induced colitis in a murine model.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Current vaccines, experimental immunization trials, and new perspectives to control selected vector borne blood parasites of veterinary importance.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles derived from cell endocytosis which act as transmitters between cells. They are composed of proteins, lipids, and RNAs through which they participate in cellular crosstalk. Consequently, they play an important role in health and disease. Our view is that exosomes exert a bidirectional regulatory effect on pathogen infections by delivering their content. First, exosomes containing proteins and RNAs derived from pathogens can promote infections in three ways: (1) mediating further infection by transmitting pathogen-related molecules; (2) participating in the immune escape of pathogens; and (3) inhibiting immune responses by favoring immune cell apoptosis. Second, exosomes play anti-infection roles through: (1) inhibiting pathogen proliferation and infection directly; (2) inducing immune responses such as those related to the function of monocyte-macrophages, NK cells, T cells, and B cells. We believe that exosomes act as "bridges" during pathogen infections through the mechanisms mentioned above. The purpose of this review is to describe present findings regarding exosomes and pathogen infections, and highlight their enormous potential in clinical diagnosis and treatment. We discuss two opposite aspects: infection and anti-infection, and we hypothesize a balance between them. At the same time, we elaborate on the role of exosomes in immune regulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.