ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Prolactin and Autoimmunity.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- Initial physical health assessment for psychosis in Australia and New Zealand: 2026 recommendations.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2026Guideline
- Circulating prolactin levels and the effect of dopaminergic agonists in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- The Effects of Periodontal Treatment on Rheumatoid Arthritis and of Anti-Rheumatic Drugs on Periodontitis: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Prolactin Inhibition in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current problems in cardiology · 2023Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blind study on the efficacy of oral domperidone versus placebo for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in primary health care.Annals of medicine · 2023Trial
- Role of sex and gender in autoimmune thyroid diseases: mechanisms and knowledge gaps.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Effects of sexual dimorphism and estrous cycle on murineInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Prolactin as an immuno-neuroendocrine integrator: linking immune homeostasis, hematopoietic dynamics and iron metabolism.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Autoimmune thyroid disease-is high prolactin a risk factor?BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Vitamin E Intake Modulates the Effect of Selenomethionine on Sexual Function and Depressive Symptoms in Reproductive-Age Women with Euthyroid Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Pilot Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Prolactin-Linked Plasma Cell-Macrophage Immune Phenotype in Synchronous Bilateral Plasma Cell Mastitis: A Two-Center Prediction Study with Tissue Correspondence.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Granulomatous mastitis: from localized inflammation to systemic immune-mediated disorder.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Transient Hyperprolactinemia Associated With Semaglutide in a Patient With Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.Case reports in medicine · 2026Article
- Increase in serum prolactin levels as a potential biomarker in Crohn's disease: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Connection and communication between the nervous and immune systems.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Molecular and cellular morphology of placenta unveils new mechanisms of reproductive immunology.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The great asymmetry of autoimmune diseases between genders represents one of the most enigmatic observations among the mosaic of autoimmunity. Sex hormones are believed to play a crucial role on this dimorphism. The higher prevalence of autoimmunity among women at childbearing ages, disease onset/relapses during pregnancy, and post-partum are some of the arguments that support this hypothesis. Certainly, motherhood represents one of the most remarkable challenges for the immune system, which not only has to allow for the conceptus, but also has to deal with complex endocrine alterations. Hormonal homeostasis is known to exert a crucial influence in achieving a competent and healthy immune system. Prolactin (PRL) has a bioactive function acting as a hormone and a cytokine. It interferes with immune system modulation, mainly inhibiting the negative selection of autoreactive B lymphocytes. Likewise, hyperprolactinemia has been described in relation to the pathogenesis and activity of several autoimmune disorders. Dopamine is an effective inhibitor of PRL secretion due to either a direct influence on the hypophysis or stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus, arousing the release of the PRL inhibitory factor. Hence, dopamine agonists have proven to offer clinical benefits among autoimmune patients and represent a promising therapy to be explored. In this review, we attempt to provide a critical overview of the link between PRL, autoimmune diseases, and motherhood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.