Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Citywide cluster randomized trial to restore blighted vacant land and its effects on violence, crime, and fear.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Growing up green: a systematic review of the influence of greenspace on youth development and health outcomes.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Neighborhood environments and sleep among children and adolescents: A systematic review.Sleep medicine reviews · 2021Pooled it
- The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- The Effects of Street Cleaning on Serious Crime and Gun Violence in Philadelphia, 2023-2024: A Stratified Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of public health · 2026Trial
- Building a Culture of Health Through the Built Environment: Impact of a Cluster Randomized Trial Remediating Vacant and Abandoned Property on Health Mindsets.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Trial
- Effect of Abandoned Housing Interventions on Gun Violence, Perceptions of Safety, and Substance Use in Black Neighborhoods: A Citywide Cluster Randomized Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2023Trial
- Gender Differences in Impacts of Place-Based Neighborhood Greening Interventions on Fear of Violence Based on a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2021Trial
- Effect of Remediating Blighted Vacant Land on Shootings: A Citywide Cluster Randomized Trial.American journal of public health · 2019Trial
- Effect of Greening Vacant Land on Mental Health of Community-Dwelling Adults: A Cluster Randomized Trial.JAMA network open · 2018Trial
- Enhancing Gun Violence Surveillance with Endemic-Epidemic Modeling: A Case Study in Washington, D.C.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Gun Violence Exposure and the Perceived Need to Carry a Firearm: The Role of Community Violence Intervention Awareness.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Effective and Enduring Place-Based Interventions Against Firearm Violence and Serious Crime Require Mechanism-Based Analytical Thinking.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- A Multidimensional Approach to Measure Structural Racism and Its Association with Fatal and Nonfatal Community Firearm Violence at the Census Tract Level in New York City.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- The Effects of Neighborhood Violence on Physical Activity Following the COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Order: A Multilevel Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Environmental Interventions and Opioid Overdose Rates.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Local Violence as an Environmental Exposure with Increasing Relevance under Climate Change: A Conceptual Framework.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Review
- Firearm Safety in a Country of Arms.The Milbank quarterly · 2026Article
- Urban Voids and Neighborhood Health: Assessing Associations Between Vacant Land and Adverse Health Behaviors in Chicago.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Afterschool Child Firearm Assaults: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Historical redlining, breast cancer survival, and the mediating and modifying role of contemporary neighborhood socioeconomic conditions.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vacant and blighted urban land is a widespread and potentially risky environmental condition encountered by millions of people on a daily basis. About 15% of the land in US cities is deemed vacant or abandoned, an area roughly the size of Switzerland. In a citywide cluster randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effects of standardized, reproducible interventions that restore vacant land on the commission of violence, crime, and the perceptions of fear and safety. Quantitative and ethnographic analyses were included in a mixed-methods approach to more fully test and explicate our findings. A total of 541 randomly sampled vacant lots were randomly assigned into treatment and control study arms; outcomes from police and 445 randomly sampled participants were analyzed over a 38-month study period. Participants living near treated vacant lots reported significantly reduced perceptions of crime (-36.8%,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.