Trial reportBreast cancer research : BCR2018
Prognostic impact of CD4-positive T cell subsets in early breast cancer: a study based on the FinHer trial patient population.
Trial report in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumour-Infiltrating Inflammatory Cells in Early Breast Cancer: An Underrated Prognostic and Predictive Factor?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Trial
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptome profiling identifies cellular heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in inflammatory breast cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Role of tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes and miR‑155 in breast cancer: Insights into carcinogenesis and their potential as prognostic biomarkers (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment and key signaling pathways in breast cancer progression and therapy resistance: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- Identification of NETs and inflammation-related prognostic genes in breast cancer and PCR experimental validation.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Distinct Immune Landscape and Gene Expression Profiles in Breast Cancer: Young versus Non-Young Patients.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Age-related and postmenopausal breast cancer progression and treatment management: The significance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- The prognostic value of the tumor-stroma ratio compared to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: a review.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Decreased Expression of CD247 and CD4 Immune Marker Predicts Poor Prognosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- Article
- The role of CD4Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Dynamic changes in B cell subpopulations in response to triple-negative breast cancer development.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Breast Cancer Immunity: It is TIME for the Next Chapter.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024Review
- A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis for Serum Extracellular Vesicles Reveals APRIL (TNFSF13), CXCL13, and VEGF-A as Prognostic Biomarkers for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- The Great Immune Escape: Understanding the Divergent Immune Response in Breast Cancer Subtypes.Cancer discovery · 2023Review
- Clinical trial-identified inflammatory biomarkers in breast and pancreatic cancers.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Cancer immune exclusion: breaking the barricade for a successful immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- CD4 CAR-T cells targeting CD19 play a key role in exacerbating cytokine release syndrome, while maintaining long-term responses.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- T-Cell Density at the Invasive Margin and Immune Phenotypes Predict Outcome in Vulvar Squamous Cell Cancer.Cancers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe clinical importance of tumor-infiltrating cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells is incompletely understood in early breast cancer. We investigated the clinical significance of CD4, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and B cell attracting chemokine leukocyte chemoattractant-ligand (C-X-C motif) 13 (CXCL13) in early breast cancer.
methodsThe study is based on the patient population of the randomized FinHer trial, where 1010 patients with early breast cancer were randomly allocated to adjuvant chemotherapy containing either docetaxel or vinorelbine, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive patients were also allocated to trastuzumab or no trastuzumab. Breast cancer CD4, FOXP3, and CXCL13 contents were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and their influence on distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was examined using univariable and multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier estimates in the entire cohort and in selected molecular subgroups. Interactions between variables were analyzed using Cox regression. The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subset of the HE10/97 randomized trial was used for confirmation.
resultsHigh CXCL13 was associated with favorable DDFS in univariable analysis, and independently in multivariable analysis (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29-0.67, P ≤ 0.001), most strongly in TNBC (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19-0.79, P = 0.009). No significant interaction with chemotherapy or trastuzumab administration was detected. Neither tumor CD4 content nor FOXP3 content was associated with DDFS. The favorable prognostic influence of CXCL13 was confirmed in the HE10/97 trial patient population with TNBC (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.09-0.93; P = 0.038).
conclusionsThe results provide a high level of evidence that humoral immunity influences the survival outcomes of patients with early breast cancer, in particular of those with TNBC.
trial registrationThe study reports retrospective biomarker analyses in the prospective FinHer trial and the prospective HE10/97 trial. ISRCTN76560285 . Registered on 18 March 2005. ACTRN12611000506998 . Registered on 16 May 2011.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.