ReviewBrain research2019
Neurosteroid regulation of GABA
Review in Brain research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurosteroids and Seizure Activity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Sex-related differences in fractionated reaction time are not related to corticospinal excitability and inhibition.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Sex-based differences in corticospinal excitability and inhibition.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Sex-related differences in corticospinal excitability and inhibition of upper and lower limb muscles.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- 5α-Reductase Isoenzymes: From Neurosteroid Biosynthesis to Neuropsychiatric Outcomes.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- Efficacy of vagus nerve stimulator during transition to adulthood in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Article
- Epilepsy and exercise: a narrative review on the crucial role of neurosteroids in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Metformin as a Neuroendocrine Modulator in Catamenial Epilepsy: Interplay with Sex Hormones and Neurosteroids.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review on the Influence of Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy on Epileptic Seizures.Cureus · 2025Review
- Plasma γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Concentrations in Lactating Holstein Cows during Thermoneutral and Heat Stress Conditions and Their Relationships with Circulating Glucose, Insulin and Progesterone Levels.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Insights into neurosteroids and their role in women with epilepsy.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Review
- Effects ofArchives of Razi Institute · 2023Article
- Ferulic acid inhibits catamenial epilepsy through modulation of female hormones.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Article
- Virally-induced expression of GABAProgress in neurobiology · 2022Article
- Cellular and behavioral effects of altered NaV1.2 sodium channel ion permeability in Scn2aK1422E mice.Human molecular genetics · 2022Article
- Efficacy and safety of cannabidivarin treatment of epilepsy in girls with Rett syndrome: A phase 1 clinical trial.Epilepsia · 2022Article
- [Epilepsy with catamenial pattern].Revista de neurologia · 2022Review
- Hormones and Sex-Specific Medicine in Human Physiopathology.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Anticonvulsant Effect of Asparagus racemosus Willd. in a Mouse Model of Catamenial Epilepsy.Neurochemical research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The female reproductive hormones progesterone and estrogen regulate network excitability. Fluctuations in the circulating levels of these hormones during the menstrual cycle cause frequent seizures during certain phases of the cycle in women with epilepsy. This seizure exacerbation, called catamenial epilepsy, is a dominant form of drug-refractory epilepsy in women of reproductive age. Progesterone, through its neurosteroid derivative allopregnanolone, increases γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor (GABAR)-mediated inhibition in the brain and keeps seizures under control. Catamenial seizures are believed to be a neurosteroid withdrawal symptom, and it was hypothesized that exogenous administration of progesterone to maintain its levels high during luteal phase will treat catamenial seizures. However, in a multicenter, double-blind, phase III clinical trial, progesterone treatment did not suppress catamenial seizures. The expression of GABARs with reduced neurosteroid sensitivity in epileptic animals may explain the failure of the progesterone clinical trial. The expression of neurosteroid-sensitive δ subunit-containing GABARs is reduced, and the expression of α4γ2 subunit-containing GABARs is upregulated, which alters the inhibition of dentate granule cells in epilepsy. These changes reduce the endogenous neurosteroid control of seizures and contribute to catamenial seizures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.